J Duncan

..Fluid intelligence is linked closely to the efficiency of constructing such programs, especially when behavior is complex and novel...

..The results show how differentiation of attentional impairments can be informed by a theory of normal function...

..More generally, I suggest that biased competition is characteristic of many different cognitive domains and brain systems. Coherent "attention" develops as different systems converge to work on related cognitive content...

..The results suggest that "general intelligence" derives from a specific frontal system important in the control of diverse forms of behavior...

..quot; As this model increases in complexity, different task components compete for representation, and vulnerable components may be lost. Construction of effective task models is closely linked to g...

..Resembling the structured problem-solving of symbolic artificial intelligence, the mental programs of MD cortex appear central to intelligent thought and action...

..We suggest that attentional weights reflect competition between broadly distributed object representations. Parietal and frontal mechanisms work together, both in weighting by location and weighting by task context...

..Together, these results suggest a highly programmable system, with responses strongly determined by the rules and requirements of the task performed...

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..While the secondary tasks influenced overall visual performance, there was no discernable effect on bias...

..Our results suggest distinct roles for rostral ACC and lateral PFC in governing the processing of task-irrelevant, threat-related stimuli, and indicate reduced recruitment of this circuitry in anxiety...

..A frontal process of constraint or requirement activation is fundamental to Spearman's g...

..Task-specific organization into opponent cell groups may be a general feature of prefrontal decision making...

..Together, the concepts of competition, priming and integration allow a unified theoretical approach to findings from behavioural to single neuron levels...

..A partial exception is color: For reasons that are unclear, color escapes two-object interference except from other, concurrent surface discriminations...

..In many cases, no unitary brain system may be responsible for unitary cognitive events such as attention. Such events may emerge as distinct systems converge to work on common cognitive problems...

..The behavioral effects of val allele load differed inside and outside the scanner, consistent with contextual modulation of the relation between COMT val(158)met genotype and g(f) task performance...

..A dissociation was also seen between selectivity for object load across tasks in the inferior IPS and feature or object-related memory load in the superior IPS...

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..The results show different degrees of target selectivity across different regions of the frontoparietal network...

..These findings support the hypothesis that the right IFG responds selectively to those items that are of the most relevance to the currently intended task schema...

..Even without behavior to control, these classical "control" regions are active in simple update of attended information...

..Further comparisons suggested that the differences between attended changes and stimulus repetitions carried information about specific stimulus values, and did not simply reflect a generic response to attended changes...

..This shift may resemble general rightward shifts that have previously been linked to reduced arousal...

..Our results reveal that the RIFG is recruited when important cues are detected, regardless of whether that detection is followed by the inhibition of a motor response, the generation of a motor response, or no external response at all...

..It is suggested, however, that the patient deficit reflects strategic or goal-based dysfunction, rather than storage limitations...

..The results show that, in prefrontal cortex, filtering of ignored locations is strong, early and spatially global. Such filtering may be important in blindness to unattended signals--a conspicuous aspect of human selective attention...

..posterior) cannot show the neural underpinnings of fluid intelligence tests. Instead, deficits reflect the extent of damage to a restricted but complex brain circuit comprising specific regions within both frontal and posterior cortex...

..These findings suggest that anxiety may interact with attentional focus to determine the magnitude of the amygdala response to threat-related stimuli...

..The results show that, even when memory demand decreases, organization of working memory contents into higher level chunks is associated with increased prefrontal activity...

..By orthogonal coding, the frontal lobe may control transitions between the discrete steps of a mental program; by correlated coding within each step, similar operations may be applied to different stimulus content...

..The results suggest a modality-specific restriction to concurrent attention and awareness; visual attention to one simple target does not restrict concurrent auditory attention to another...

..This population similarity was seen despite quite different activity in the 2 tasks for many single cells. At the population level, the results suggest similar prefrontal coding of fixed and short-term behavioral significance...

..We conclude that, under our experimental conditions, restrictions in concurrent target identification are largely modality specific...

..For even such simple tasks as these, T--T2 interference reflects a combination of relatively local and relatively global sources...

..The results show that the dual-task demands of visual search reflect the complexity of the template used in task control, and that this factor can be isolated from other sources of difficulty...

..Perhaps, most importantly it was agreed that we lacked good clinical data, and the challenge was to design good studies for a condition that is underrecognised and often difficult to diagnose...

..It can be used for different imaging modalities and in different orientations. It is necessary that imaging data for groups compared are acquired in the same orientation...

..An AB is triggered only when a new attended event is defined, either when a long pause creates a new perceived stream (Experiment 4) or when attention shifts from the stream to the letter level (Experiment 3)...