Chris Darke

..However, the generally used "HLA-B27" monoclonal antibodies (moabs) cross-react with many HLA specificities, including the common HLA-B7 antigen. Thus, using two "B27" moabs is highly recommended...

..00002 (carriage frequency 0.004%). B*4414 and B*5708 specificities both gave 'short' serological reactivity for their expected specificities and Bw4. The likely reasons for this are discussed in relation to the epitopes of B44 and B57...

..Lack of the ECAKA motif at amino acid positions 63, 67, 69-71 probably accounts for lack of the B27 specificity while the amino acid combination 74Y, 77S, 80T, 81L may cause aberrant Bw4 reactivity...

..No further examples were found in 19,113 HLA-DR,DQ typed donors from the Welsh Bone Marrow Donor Registry indicating that both these alleles have a phenotype frequency of <0.01% and a gene frequency of <0.00003...

..Consequently, HLA-A*24020102L, B*55, Cw*01 is a principal A*24020102L-bearing haplotype, and the minimum carriage and gene frequencies of A*24020102L are 0.017% and 0.000086, respectively, in UK blood donors...

..Peanuts and tree nuts are among the most common foods provoking severe allergic reactions including fatal anaphylaxis. However, little is known of the underlying genetic and immunological mechanisms involved...

..This allows resources to be focused directly on allele level typing of DRB1 and other loci. This strategy decreases overall donor work-up time, which is a major benefit to patients...

..It is easily updated as new alleles are identified but clearly requires a continuing validation review until all known MICA and MICB alleles have been identified...

..Extensive serological typing indicated that this allele essentially encodes a 'normal' HLA-A11 specificity...

..The distribution of B*27 alleles was determined in a random population of 4020 local blood donors and the use of PCR-SSP B*27 typing in our routine flow cytometry-based HLA-B27/B2708 typing strategy is described...

..Interrogation of the data identified a region of 270 kb, lying from 31 952 649 to 32 221 738 base pairs from the p-telomere of chromosome 6 and containing 23 genes, which is likely to include genes involved with susceptibility to AS...

..This results in a single amino acid change of serine to arginine (AGC>CGC) at codon 131 and a silent substitution (GCG>GCC - conserved alanine) at codon 135...

..Careful adherence to the methods and procedures detailed here should virtually guarantee successful transformation (98.7%) from good quality, sterile whole blood samples...

..The B*4423N-bearing haplotype was identified as A*0201, Cw*0501, DRB1*0408, DRB4*01, DQA1*03, DQB1*0304 and the frequency of B*4423N estimated as 0.00006 (carriage frequency 0.0121%) in 16 533 subjects resident in Wales...

..The Welsh Blood Service collects blood from about 140 000 people each year including an estimated 950 who are homozygous for HFE C282Y. They are probably healthy and unaware of any family history of iron overload...

..No further examples of B*4903 were found in 15,796 consecutive HLA PCR-SSP typed donors from the Welsh Bone Marrow Donor Registry, indicating that this allele has a phenotype frequency of <0.01% and a gene frequency of <0.00004...

..The sequence and serological reactivity of this rare antigen allowed the identification of two likely epitopes shared by two different groups of HLA-B antigens...

..The phenotype and gene frequencies of B*4408, in a sample of 40 473 subjects residing in Wales, were 0.01235% and 0.00006, respectively...

..Both alleles have frequencies of < 0.0002 in the largely north-western European Caucasoid blood donor population resident in Wales...

..PCR-SSP is an appropriate method for ABO typing of cadaveric organ donors and, importantly, enables both ABO and HLA typing to be performed on the same DNA material...

..Little is known about the effects of combinations of mismatched specificities on graft survival. Thus, further investigation is merited particularly for HLA-C and -DQ mismatching...

..As it is this 'short' A9/A24 serological reactivity that defines HLA-A2403 all these products will be serologically designated as HLA-A2403...

..However, for consistently reliable B27/B2708 typing we continue to recommend the use of a minimum of two B27 reagents in a protocol that includes DNA-based testing of 'equivocal' B27/B2708 assignments...

..HLA-B allele frequencies and HLA-A/B two locus haplotype frequencies were compiled for each population...