Tim Dalgleish

..symptoms, (c) antidepressant (ADM) usage, (d) psychiatric and medical co-morbidity, (e) quality of life, and (f) cost effectiveness? An explanatory research question asks is an increase in mindfulness skills the key mechanism of change?..

..The authors compared patients who underwent stereotactic subcaudate tractotomy for depression, who were still depressed or recovered from depression, to identify therapeutic mechanisms...

..These findings shed light on important aspects of the organization of past knowledge that are likely to be linked to maladaptive processing biases in those with a depression history...

..The clinical and nosological implications of this argument are discussed...

..g. 'If only I had stayed at home then I wouldn't have had the accident'), but has received little systematic empirical investigation. Four studies examined the nature of CFT in both trauma survivors and non-traumatized controls...

..These are strong claims. In this comment, the author critically examines each component of Algom et al.'s case and argues that, in fact, none of these components represents compelling evidence in support of their eventual conclusions...

..The data supported the affect regulation account, with greater posttraumatic stress being associated with reduced memory specificity...

..This first demonstration of ironic effects of emotion suppression in response to personal material in those with emotional problems sheds light into how certain emotion regulation strategies may maintain and exacerbate such conditions...

..Results support both predictions...

..The current study extended this work by examining processing of self-referent emotional information concerning potential future events in SD...

..Furthermore, thresholds of either three or more re-experiencing symptoms, or six or more re-experiencing/hyperarousal symptoms, were as effective at predicting PTSD as the full acute stress disorder diagnosis...

..These arguments are illustrated by clinical and subclinical case examples...

..This effect remained significant even after levels of depressed mood were controlled for...

..The findings are discussed in the context of the literature on information processing biases and PTSD...

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..The potential role of executive control in accounting for other aspects of the AMT literature is discussed...

..The results are discussed in terms of the strengths and weaknesses of carrying out direct comparisons across groups and tasks versus drawing conclusions from overall patterns across multiple studies...

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..Implications for self-regulation models of depression are discussed...

..These results suggest that AMS is, at least in part, a function of current emotion state. The implications for the literature on AMS as a stable marker of clinical depression are discussed...

..These data support the proposal that memories tied to the source of an individual's distress are immune to the processes that underlie the standard reduced specificity effect...

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..The findings are discussed in terms of the broader literature on CBM...

..It is concluded that while presenting an elegant theory of how emotion influences decision-making, the SMH requires additional empirical support to remain tenable...

..Together, these results reveal not only differential neural mechanisms for real and hypothetical moral decisions but also that the nature of real moral decisions can be predicted by dissociable networks within the PFC...

..There were no group differences on subjective bodily awareness. Implications for theories of depression are discussed...

..At Time 1 the SAD group displayed a relatively elevated DAS compared to controls and to their Time 2 scores. These data therefore provide potential support for a view that SAD is characterized by underlying dysfunctional attitudes...

..Accounts of these differences involving putative mood-repair processes and/or an absence of dysfunctional negative schemas in SAD are discussed...

..These findings suggest, contrary to the current clinical zeitgeist, that emotion suppression can successfully lead to an ongoing down-regulation of emotion and memory, whereas acceptance may elevate subsequent emotionality...

..Further, the data replicate earlier findings of elevated sadness reports to positive stimuli (J. Rottenberg, K. L. Kasch, J. J. Gross, & I. H. Gotlib, 2002), which may reflect broader difficulties in regulating emotions in MDD...

..This study also provides the first test of a standardized intervention using an "interpretive bias training" paradigm to improve positive mood...

..g. decision-making) in our daily emotive environments...

..Our results support studies showing that similarity acts as a proximate neurobiological mechanism where prosocial behavior extends to unrelated strangers...

..These results support the phenomenological distinctiveness of prolonged grief symptoms, from those of bereavement-related anxiety, depression and, for the first time, PTSD...

..This did not vary with age group. We conclude that, when child-oriented materials are used, depression-related biases in recall towards negative information are observable even in a non-clinical sample of children from 5 years of age...

..It was also found that the recovered depressed subjects estimated that negative events were less likely overall, compared to the controls. These results are discussed in the context of the adult literature...

..These results are discussed in the context of the adult literature and also the limited literature on emotion-related cognitive processing in children...

..The results have important implications for the utility of WM training in clinical, prevention, and occupational settings...

..The findings also shed light on contextual factors that can alter how moral decisions are made, such as the salience of a personal gain...

..The possible implications for developing affective working memory training as an adjunctive treatment for PTSD are explored...

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..Our findings fractionate the neurobiological mechanisms associated with basic fear and potentially illuminate the perturbed reactions that characterize clinical phobias...

..CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study are interpreted as a consolidation and extension of previous research on attentional bias and emotional disorder in younger participants...

..These results demonstrate that two different forms of environmental adversities interplay with 5-HTTLPR and thereby differentially impact amygdala and cortical reactivity...

..This suggests that the widely-reported phenomenon of SRD has important developmental boundary conditions casting doubt on claims that it represents a general feature of human cognition...

..Thus anxiety proneness is associated with a general deficit of inhibitory processing, but this may be revealed only under conditions that limit the availability of controlled processing resources...

..The authors sought to identify neural correlates of eating disorders in order to contribute to the debate on the genesis and classification of eating disorders and provide endophenotypes for genetic research...

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..The authors investigated acute stress disorder and later posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children and adolescents who had been involved in assaults or motor vehicle accidents...

..Abnormalities in perception and evaluation of body shape are a hallmark of eating disorders...

..Among depressed adolescents who reported a history of trauma, more severe posttraumatic stress symptoms were associated with less overgenerality. Possible accounts of these findings are suggested...

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..The implications of these findings for how ASD is applied to youth are discussed...

..To evaluate the efficacy of individual trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for treating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children and young people...

..The data from both studies are discussed in terms of compromised access to specific autobiographical material in distressed trauma survivors reflecting a process of affect regulation...

..To evaluate the role of family factors in posttraumatic stress symptomatology (PTSS) in children and adolescents who have attended an emergency department following assaults or motor vehicle accident...

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..The authors examined these issues in a prospective longitudinal assessment of preschool- and elementary school-age children who were exposed to a traumatic event...

..The findings support the need to directly interview children and adolescents, particularly for the early screening of posttraumatic stress, and suggest that other anxiety disorders may have a clearer presentation post-trauma...

..The data also extend previous studies in demonstrating that extensive retrieval can increase the number of commission errors...

..The value of I-P theories of childhood and adolescent psychopathology will be considerably enhanced if these issues are more fully considered in future research...

..We outline the current status of CBT and discuss how it can respond to the public health problem of depression...

..The TMQQ was found to possess good internal consistency, criterion validity, and construct validity, but test-retest reliability has yet to be established...

..The results are discussed with respect to assessment and treatment for the acute traumatic stress responses of children and young people...