I P Crocker

..Adequate vascular transformation may therefore rely on a balance between vascular receptivity, oxygen partial pressure, and exposure to inflammatory mediators...

..5. These results suggest that PARP activity plays a pathogenic role in the development of endothelial dysfunction in pre-eclampsia and promotes PARP inhibition as a potential therapy in this condition...

..In addition, the increased susceptibility of villous components to cell death, in the absence of stimulated proliferation, may provide a powerful mechanism for aberrant or adaptive placental cell turnover in utero...

..These outcomes may reflect previous morphological changes in compromised pregnancies and confirm a possible role for oxygen and TNFalpha in aberrant trophoblast turnover...

..Syncytial destruction could have serious implications; impairing fetal growth and in some rare cases, providing a previously unrecognized pathway to congenital infection...

..This is the first description of enhanced apoptosis in isolated villous trophoblasts in PE and IUGR. These intrinsic differences may represent an important factor in the pathophysiology of these conditions...

..This therefore offers a putative link between utero-placental maladaptations in pregnancy and the vascular endothelial complications of pre-eclampsia...

..Three areas of metabolism were highlighted for systems biology investigation; glutamate and glutamine, tryptophan metabolism and leukotriene or prostaglandin metabolism...

..The potential role of the p53-pathway in the control of cell turnover in villous trophoblast and the regulation of p53 by altered O(2) tension merits further investigation...

..These findings highlight a mechanism by which TRAIL and DR5 serve to protective trophoblasts in normal development, but may be activated in conditions of excessive TNFalpha...

..An overview is given as to role of EPC's in the pathophysiology of different disease states and the possible therapeutic and diagnostic applications expected from EPC-related research in obstetrics...

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..We report on the first phase of testing this hypothesis, in a study of women in normal pregnancy...

..Metabolomics could be used to identify changes in conditions associated with placental pathology...

..These potentially pathogenic factors are now being characterized...

..This review describes current knowledge regarding the expression and function of these regulators in villous trophoblast, both in normal and complicated pregnancies...

..In addition, these data support a role for p53 in mediating altered trophoblast cell turnover in response to oxidative stress...

..However, nitric oxide could explain only 50% of the vasodilatory effect. Finally, we measured the permeability of the perfused placenta to inert hydrophilic tracers and found no difference in the presence and absence of VEGF...

..Relaxations were only achieved with endothelial-independent agonists (sodium nitroprusside and papaverine)...

..This approach provides a mechanism for encouraging syncytiotrophoblast formation and may hold benefits for conditions where syncytiotrophoblast cover is attenuated...

..Identifying these changes resulting from hypoxic conditioning is hypothesis generating and may provide new mechanistic insights into preeclampsia...

..This study shows that apoptosis may be induced in villous trophoblast following exposure to ROS, and demonstrates the anti-apoptotic effect of EGF in trophoblast, the maintenance of which is essential for normal pregnancy...

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..Fas/FasL interactions have an important role in trophoblast-induced endothelial apoptosis...

..Apart from vasoreactivity of small arteries, other factors may be involved in the control of placental perfusion...

..In particular, we wished to test the hypothesis that these arteries respond differently to an endothelium-dependent vasodilator, to the presence of nitric oxide, and to the presence of cyclic monophosphate nucleotides...