C Cooper

..14; P = 0.02); however, this was confounded by a positive association with offspring height. Conclusions: This observational study suggests that maternal n-6 PUFA status during pregnancy might influence offspring adiposity in childhood...

..Areas timely for developing research Further research is required to fully understand how OA affects an individual physically and psychologically, and to determine their healthcare need...

..This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of using trained volunteer mealtime assistants to help patients on an acute medical ward for older people at mealtimes...

..Evidence is required for a link between improvements in the measures of muscle strength and/or physical activity and clinical outcomes to allow development of interventions to improve clinical outcomes in frail older patients...

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..com (number ISRCTN41323372). CONCLUSIONS: This randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled study will establish the potential of strontium ranelate in improving structure and symptoms in patients with knee osteoarthritis...

..MAVIDOS is a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (ISRCTN82927713, registered 2008 Apr 11), funded by Arthritis Research UK, MRC, Bupa Foundation and NIHR...

..With minor revision, this could be a useful tool for future research in this area. This, in turn, will aid the development of interventions to promote physical activity in this age group...

..Symptomatic slow-acting drugs (SYSADOA) have been largely studied over the last decade. The objective of this study is to prepare a document providing recommendations for the use of SYSADOA in osteoarthritis (OA)...

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..TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trials: ISRCTN60986572...

..This paper reviews the recent literature on candidate genes, anthropometric and environmental factors, and the evolving area of intrauterine fetal programming with regard to the development of osteoporosis...

..It has been demonstrated to be effective for a broad spectrum of patients, including women with osteopenia, osteoporosis, and severe disease...

..Understanding the reasons for the recent declines in rates of hip fracture may help understand ways to reduce rates of hip fracture worldwide...

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..The optimization of maternal nutrition and intrauterine growth should also be included within preventive strategies against osteoporotic fracture, albeit for future generations...

..The optimization of maternal nutrition and intrauterine growth should also be included within preventive strategies against osteoporotic fracture, albeit for future generations...

..2; 95% CI, 1.0-1.5). Using life table methodology, the estimated proportion of patients dying within 5 years of follow-up was 32.7% among the cohort with PDB compared with 28.0% among control patients (p < 0.05)...

..Fractures were more common among boys than girls, with peak incidences at 14 and 11 years of age, respectively. At childhood peak, incidence rates were only surpassed later in life at 85 years of age among women and never among men...

..A total of 12 satellite symposia enhanced the program by offering a wealth of information and practical new knowledge for clinicians...

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..The optimisation of maternal nutrition and intrauterine growth should also be included within preventive strategies against osteoporotic fracture, albeit for future generations...

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..The optimisation of maternal nutrition and intrauterine growth should also be included within preventive strategies against osteoporotic fracture, albeit for future generations...

..65% prespecified margin and a more stringent margin of -1.10%. These results demonstrate that oral weekly ibandronate provides the same efficacy and safety as oral daily ibandronate in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis...

..We used data from the Southampton Women's Survey to investigate parental influences on neonatal body composition ascertained by dual x-ray absorptiometry...

..This study determined the prevalence of neck pain and its relation to occupation and occupational activities in the general population...

..Vitamin D supplementation of pregnant women, especially during winter months, could lead to longlasting reductions in the risk of osteoporotic fracture in their offspring...

..In addition, among previously documented maternal determinants of neonatal bone mass in healthy pregnancies, maternal fat stores may mediate their effect on fetal bone accrual through variation in fetal leptin concentrations...

..We found deterioration in the mental health domain over follow-up in osteoporotic men (but not women) compared with other groups (relative rate ratio=5.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.78-19.2)...

..However, the paternal determinants of neonatal bone mass are not known. In this study we explored the relationship between a father's bone mass and that of his offspring...

..In this study we investigate the relationships between placental size and neonatal bone mass and body composition, in a population-based cohort...

..This association may explain, in part, the mechanism whereby a mother's 25(OH)-vitamin D stores influence her offspring's bone mass...

..Reduced physical performance and physical activity have serious health consequences, but adult determinants do not fully explain variation in older people...

..2-fold increase in hip fracture risk compared with those in the highest quarter (p < 0.001). These data point to a relationship between childhood growth and fracture risk during later life...

..Exposure to hand-transmitted vibration (HTV) can cause sensorineural symptoms in the upper limb, but its impact has not previously been assessed in the general population...

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..To establish the natural history of radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA) over 14 years in a community-based cohort...

..Relationships between physical activity and bone indices were stronger when calcium intake was above compared with below median (966 mg/day)...

..Although some occupational sources of hand-transmitted vibration (HTV) have been extensively investigated, the risks associated with others are poorly characterized...

..As muscle strength is central to physical performance, we explored whether grip strength could be used as a marker of the Short Physical Performance Battery...

..003; β=-7.7 mg/mm(3) per sd, p=0.02 respectively). These results suggest that fat mass is negatively associated with volumetric bone density at 6 years old, independent of lean mass, despite positive associations with bone size...

..Symptoms of anxiety and depression are common in older people, but the relative importance of factors operating in early and later life in influencing risk is unclear, particularly in the case of anxiety...

..05], but no other relationships were significant. Poorer functioning (assessed by SF-36 questionnaire) is associated with lower total femoral BMD in older men (but less so in women) after adjustment for lifestyle factors and comorbidity...

..To assess the relationship between development in utero, assessed by birth weight, and muscle strength in young adult women as assessed by grip strength...

..Body mass index (BMI) and bone mineral density (BMD) are positively correlated in several studies, but few data relate bone density, lipid profile and anthropometric measures...

..Rat dams were given a low protein diet during pregnancy, and offspring were studied at different ages. Old aged rats showed site-specific strength differences. In utero nutrition has consequences in later life...

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..CONCLUSIONS: Urinary CTX-II and Glc-Gal-Pyd, but not systemic markers of bone turnover, are strongly associated with disease severity and the presence of OA at the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints in men...

..Documented maternal determinants of neonatal bone mass seem to mediate their effects independently of variations in cord serum IGF-1 in healthy pregnancies...

..To investigate whether exposure to high maternal concentrations of 25(OH)-vitamin D in pregnancy poses any risk to the child...

..These findings may account for the increased fracture risk noted in this population...

..Identify patient characteristics associated with pre-operative expectations of total hip replacement (THR); (2). Explore whether pre-operative expectations predict surgical outcomes 12-months post-THR...

..Higher birthweight was associated with higher bone mineral content of the spine and hip in adult men and women at ages between 18 and 80 years across a range of settings...

..7 versus 1.8 for neck pain). This accords with the pattern of transmission of HTV to the upper limb, although a confounding effect from other ergonomic risk factors cannot be discounted...

..To assess the prevalence of Raynaud's phenomenon in the general population of Great Britain and to estimate the proportion and number of cases attributable to hand transmitted vibration (HTV)...

..Sarcopenia, the loss of muscle mass and strength with age, is significantly associated with type 2 diabetes in older people...

..To determine whether low birthweight is associated with higher plasma leptin concentrations in adult life and whether leptin contributes to the metabolic alterations in adults that are associated with reduced foetal growth...

..This is most likely in those people with the autoantibody rheumatoid factor (RF). RF is strongly associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but is also present in up to 15% of all adults...

..To describe the temporal patterns of knee pain in a community-based cohort over 12 years...

..To determine patterns of supplement use in a UK community-dwelling older population, and to investigate the extent to which supplement user groups differ, in terms of their sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics, diet and morbidity...

..and prevalence of osteoporosis and fracture? Is there geographical variation in the occurrence of osteoporosis? What are the risk factors for osteoporosis and do they explain the occurrence of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture?..

..CONCLUSIONS: Men with reduced BMD have low IGF-I but normal GH secretion and reserve. Our data suggested, but could not confirm, hepatic resistance to GH as a mechanism for this association...

..Rat dams were given a low protein diet during pregnancy and 135 offspring studied at different ages. Bone biochemistry showed altered characteristics. Altered in utero diet has consequences for later life...

..The presence of these relationships at birth adds to the evidence that bone and muscle growth may be programmed by genetic and/or environmental influences during intrauterine life...

..In the absence of other information, the differentials in risk associated with a person's history of back pain appear to remain constant for a period of at least 2 years...

..The interaction with infant weight suggests that early environment may influence the effect of GH1 genotype on bone loss...

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..Previous studies have suggested that the high bone density often observed in type 2 diabetic patients may be explained by insulin resistance. We explored this hypothesis in the Hertfordshire Cohort Study...

..Aging changes in different body system are well described, but few studies have considered the relationship between them...

..People undergoing meniscectomy or with a history of knee injury might be a focus for targeted advice...

..Our results, taken together with other data on IGFII levels and TH activity, point to the importance of (*)5 as an integrated polygenic haplotype relevant to obesity and insulin response to glucose in men...

..frailty, a multi-dimensional geriatric syndrome, confers a high risk for falls, disability, hospitalisation and mortality. The prevalence and correlates of frailty in the UK are unknown...

..To explore the relation between smoking habits and regional pain in the general population...

..Statistically significant risk factors for ON included systemic corticosteroid use, hospitalization, referral or specialist visit, bone fracture, any cancer, osteoporosis, connective tissue disease, and osteoarthritis...

..Previous estimates of risk in the occupational setting may have been biased by shared expectations, concerns, or other aspects of illness behaviour...

..However, the absolute T-score required to give similar discriminatory capacity to femoral neck T-score varied substantially (T= -0.81 to -1.5) between the different measurement techniques and sites...

..We measured anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) in a general population with well-defined early lives to see whether fetal and infant growth and infections were associated with aCL positivity in adult life...

..To assess long-term outcome and predictors of prognosis following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for osteoarthritis...

..The long-term effects of poor early nutrition on ageing have been demonstrated in animals but not studied in man...

..Pharmacological treatments include the bisphosphonates, hormone replacement therapy, selective oestrogen receptor modulators, calcitonin, the 1-34 fragment of parathyroid hormone, calcium and vitamin D supplements, and calcitriol...

..Here we have assessed volumetric bone density, size and strength by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) in a large population-based cohort study in which knee radiographs were available...

..7% (95% CI 5.3-6.1%). CONCLUSION: Patients with RA are at increased risk of osteoporotic fractures. This increased risk is attributable to a combination of disease activity and use of oral glucocorticoids...

..7% and 13.3%, respectively. Our results indicate that fractures at any site are strong risk factors for subsequent fractures, among both elderly men and women...

..At similar levels of BMD, postmenopausal women taking GCs, as compared with nonusers of GCs, had considerably higher risks of fracture...

..Aim: To assess the incidence and risk factors for neck and shoulder pain in nurses...

..008), and trabecular (p=0.0001) BMD. We have shown that growth in early life is associated with bone size and strength in a UK population aged 65-73 years. Lifestyle factors were associated with volumetric bone density in this population...

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..We conclude that dietary patterns consistent with current advice for healthy eating during pregnancy are associated with greater bone size and BMD in the offspring at 9 yr of age...

..We sought evidence of interaction between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) gene and early life in determination of bone mineral density (BMD) among individuals from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study...

..This suggests that measures to improve maternal vitamin D status should be instituted in early pregnancy...

..Grip strength is a powerful predictor of disability, morbidity and mortality which has been used in a number of frailty scores but not as a single marker of frailty...

..02) after adjustment for age, sex and weight at baseline. These results suggest that genetic influences on adult bone size and mineral density may be modified by undernutrition in utero...

..The widened epiphyseal growth plate in the protein-restricted offspring is compatible with the programming of cartilage and bone growth by maternal nutrition in early life...

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..To investigate risk factors for adult lumbar spine osteoarthritis (OA) including polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) and birthweight...

..However, data from this study do not support a major developmental contribution to the etiology of depression in women...

..The optimization of maternal nutrition and intrauterine growth should also be included within preventive strategies against osteoporotic fracture, albeit for future generations...