D Coggon

..A particular concern recently in Britain has been the possibility that organophosphate insecticides can cause chronic neuropsychiatric illness...

..This paper describes the methods of data collection and various characteristics of the study sample...

..We therefore conducted a longitudinal study to explore whether spinal abnormalities on MRI for LBP predict prognosis after 18 months...

..Some epidemiologic studies have linked occupational exposure to formaldehyde with cancers of the nose, nasopharynx, and lung, but the evidence for human carcinogenicity has been inconsistent and requires clarification...

..To explore time trends in deaths attributable to work in England and Wales, and identify priorities for prevention, we conducted a proportional analysis of mortality by occupation over a 22-year period...

..To identify opportunities for targeted prevention, we explored differences in occupational mortality from diseases and injuries related to alcohol consumption, sexual habits and drug abuse...

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..To obtain further information about the risks of cancer associated with occupational exposure to ethylene oxide..

..Other known occupational hazards of cancer are unlikely to account for more than 100 cases per year in total...

..The strengths and limitations of epidemiology as a tool in risk management are discussed...

..A corollary is that the best-case definition for a disorder may vary according to the purpose for which it is being applied...

..Low scoring hospitals had a manual handling policy and recorded accidents and sickness absence, but had limited resource for expert manpower and equipment...

..Although some occupational sources of hand-transmitted vibration (HTV) have been extensively investigated, the risks associated with others are poorly characterized...

..Exposure to hand-transmitted vibration (HTV) can cause sensorineural symptoms in the upper limb, but its impact has not previously been assessed in the general population...

..Thus, SRH and mental health indices were strong predictors of incident and persistent arm pain in adults from the community, while persistence was also predicted by beliefs about causation and prognosis...

..To assess the prevalence of Raynaud's phenomenon in the general population of Great Britain and to estimate the proportion and number of cases attributable to hand transmitted vibration (HTV)...

..The findings for 1991-2000 were assessed and compared with the mortality pattern from asthma in occupations exposed to known respiratory sensitisers...

..7 versus 1.8 for neck pain). This accords with the pattern of transmission of HTV to the upper limb, although a confounding effect from other ergonomic risk factors cannot be discounted...

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..Beliefs and mental well-being could influence decisions to consult about upper limb pain and satisfaction with care...

..Previous estimates of risk in the occupational setting may have been biased by shared expectations, concerns, or other aspects of illness behaviour...

..To estimate the number of workers in Great Britain with significant occupational exposure to whole body vibration (WBV) and to identify the common sources of exposure and the occupations and industries where such exposures arise...

..To investigate the factors, including size of organisation, associated with job loss in patients awaiting surgery to the hip or knee joint...

..To explore the relation between smoking habits and regional pain in the general population...

..An association has previously been reported between finger blanching and hearing difficulties, but only in workers with exposure to noise and hand transmitted vibration (HTV)...

..In the absence of other information, the differentials in risk associated with a person's history of back pain appear to remain constant for a period of at least 2 years...

..To investigate outcome and prognostic determinants for arm pain presenting to primary care and physiotherapy services...

..To investigate whether knee pain in the community behaves like a regional pain syndrome, determined by its association with mental health, self-rated health (SRH) and beliefs about prognosis...

..To explore the interaction of smoking and occupational exposure to noise as risk factors for hearing difficulty in the general population...

..To assess long-term outcome and predictors of prognosis following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for osteoarthritis...

..National initiatives to prevent and/or manage sickness absence require a database from which trends can be monitored...

..The authors assessed the potential for error for work-associated arm pain...

..To assess the accuracy with which workers report their exposure to occupational sources of hand transmitted (HTV) and whole body vibration (WBV)...

..Both are strongly associated with years spent in a noisy occupation--a predominantly male exposure. The national burden of hearing difficulties attributable to noise at work is substantial...

..Aim: To assess the incidence and risk factors for neck and shoulder pain in nurses...

..We conclude that overcrowding in the home during childhood may be a major determinant of stomach cancer, and might act by promoting the transmission of causative organisms...

..Future research should aim to develop standards through consensus opinion and ultimately evidence of effectiveness of risk controls...

..To investigate whether common important health conditions and their treatments increase risks of occupational injury...

..People undergoing meniscectomy or with a history of knee injury might be a focus for targeted advice...

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..CONCLUSIONS: The study hypothesis was not supported. However, before the hypothesis is dismissed, it should be tested further in patients with more severe and disabling arm pain...

..CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that hospital referral for knee symptoms is influenced to some extent by patients' occupational activities. Playing soccer is confirmed as a strong risk factor for knee cartilage injury...

..In conclusion, these data suggest that chronic exposure to metal fume blunts responsiveness to inhaled particulate matter. However, the mechanism behind the lack of detectable local inflammatory response requires further investigation...

..This study determined the prevalence of neck pain and its relation to occupation and occupational activities in the general population...

..Ensuring a fair balance between the rights and obligations of each group requires a value judgement, but the advantages and disadvantages to interested parties must first be quantified in a meaningful way...

..It is unclear whether and to what extent intensive case management is more effective than standard occupational health services in reducing sickness absence in the health care sector...

..Epidemiologic studies based on such data must be interpreted with appropriate caution...

..We conclude that studies seeking to explain local differences in the incidence of stomach cancer within England and Wales should focus on the environment of patients in their youth...

..An unusual inflammation of the pinna has been reported to occur in some sheep farmers at the time of lambing...

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..To assess the prevalence and correlates of regional pain and associated disability in four groups of Japanese workers...

..Serious accidental poisoning by pesticides is rare in the UK, but more minor pesticide-related illness may be under-reported. Anecdotally, use of sheep dip has been linked with flu-like symptoms...

..This study assessed the impact of ergonomic intervention on rates of low-back pain among hospital nurses...

..To explore the circumstances associated with hospital admission of adults of working age for accidental pesticide poisoning in England...

..These findings suggest that, in the classification of numbness and tingling of the hand, it may be useful to distinguish symptoms that involve most of the sensory distribution of the median nerve but not other parts of the hand...

..These findings support the hypothesis that ferrous and possibly other metal fumes reversibly predispose to infectious pneumonia. Research should now focus on the underlying mechanisms and prevention...

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..If confirmed, they have important implications for the evaluation of ergonomic interventions aimed at reducing back pain...

..Arm pain is a common cause of incapacity for work and is often attributed to occupational activities, but in many cases the pathogenesis is unclear...

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..To determine which literature-based definitions of low back pain (LBP) could be combined to produce sufficiently similar sets for use in a meta-analysis...

..This is in contrast to observations in US studies. In view of this discordance, there is a need for further evaluation of the long-term impact of particulate pollution on health in the UK...

..CONCLUSIONS: Somatizing tendency, health anxiety, low mood, CFS and CWP are more common in arm pain consulters. Certain mechanical activities are also overrepresented, particularly in those with specific pathology...

..CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the schedule may usefully distinguish disorders that differ in their association with physical risk factors...

..Previous injury to the knee and occupational factors are also associated with knee OA in both Britain and Japan, although characteristic activities for work vary...

..CONCLUSIONS: The restriction of total neck movement may serve as a marker of severity in community-based studies of neck disorders, but no indication was found that it distinguishes a subset of cases with a distinct etiology...

..Somatization (a tendency to report distress from somatic symptoms) is a little studied, but potentially important, confounder and effect modifier in occupational studies of musculoskeletal disease...

..To assess occupational risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), we conducted a systematic literature review...

..To explore the frequency, nature, determinants and outcome of health-related job loss (HRJL) in men sampled from the general population of three rural areas...

..To explore the prevalence and pattern of neuropsychiatric symptoms in past users of sheep dip and other pesticides...

..1-129.0). Neck and upper limb pain commonly cluster, and frequently display symmetry and adjacent patterns of involvement. Extensive neck and upper limb pain is far more strongly associated with poor mental vitality than localised pain...

..To explore attitudes to influenza immunisation and rates of uptake among staff working in acute hospitals in the UK...

..To assess occupational associations with tenosynovitis and epicondylitis, we conducted a systematic literature review. We focused particularly on evidence that might support compensation of these disorders 'on the balance of probabilities'...

..To assess long-term outcome and predictors of prognosis following total hip arthroplasty (THA) for osteoarthritis (OA)...

..To investigate the incidence, nature and determinants of non-fatal occupational injuries in British agriculture...

..Modifying these mechanical risk factors may serve to reduce the risk of meniscal injury and may also help to prevent later knee osteoarthritis...

..These disorders have a substantial impact on physical function and use of health care...

..Occupational activities are suspected of having an adverse impact on outcomes of pregnancy...