Marion K Campbell

..This study demonstrates that ICCs are sensitive to a number of trial factors, particularly setting and outcome type. These factors must be considered when planning such cluster randomized trials...

..Fluid strategies may impact on patient outcomes in major elective surgery. We aimed to study the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of pre-operative fluid loading in high-risk surgical patients undergoing major elective surgery...

..Describe barriers to SDD implementation and 3. Identify what further evidence is required before full scale clinical implementation would be considered appropriate and feasible...

..We propose a pragmatic multi-centre randomised controlled trial of level of dependency and pre-operative fluid therapy in high-risk surgical patients undergoing major elective surgery...

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..Illness representations are examined using Leventhal's Common Sense Self-Regulation Model while cognitions about treatment behaviours (acceptance of testing and treatment uptake) are conceptualised within the Theory of Planned Behaviour...

..Similarly, the need for appropriate standards of reporting of cluster trials is more widely acknowledged...

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..A sample size calculator is presented for calculating appropriate sample sizes for cluster trials, whilst allowing the implications of both methods of inflation to be considered...

..In this paper we review the CONSORT extension to cluster randomised trials, outlining the special features of the cluster randomised trial which must be considered...

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..We examined the effect of daily supplementation with 11 vitamins and 5 minerals on cognitive function in older adults to assess the possibility that this could help to prevent cognitive decline...

..The Theory of Planned Behaviour is a theoretical model that predicts behaviours from people's beliefs about the consequences, social pressures and perceived control over the behaviour, including uptake of treatment...

..Vitamin D or calcium supplementation may have effects on vascular disease and cancer...

..The idea that altruistic-type motives are important for trial participation is understandably widespread, but recent studies suggest considerations of personal benefit can influence participation decisions in various ways...

..The objective was to use this unique feature to evaluate possible missingness mechanisms and to assess the accuracy of simple imputation methods...

..In randomized trials there may be no overriding reason whether or not to have a placebo control...

..This study investigated how an elderly population living with a chronic metabolic bone disorder evaluated self-reported quality of life...

..Older people are less likely to be included in clinical trials. Little is known about factors influencing older people's decisions about participating in clinical trials...

..To determine the relative benefits and risks of laparoscopic fundoplication surgery as an alternative to long term drug treatment for chronic gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD)...

..The menopausal transition is characterized by rapid bone loss. Few data exist on the role of nutrition...

..Algorithms based on dietary intakes of key nutrients can be used to approximate net endogenous acid production (NEAP) and to explore the association between dietary acidity and bone health...

..Postmenopausal women not taking HRT should be made aware that low body weight or losing weight during this particularly vulnerable period may worsen bone loss...

..These findings suggest that HPV testing could be a valuable means of identifying the small proportion of women still at risk after 50, and of releasing health care resources...

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..To evaluate the effectiveness of one rather than two hospital neonatal examinations in detection of abnormalities. Design: Randomised controlled switchback trial...

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..Drug trials that include dietary advice, plus exercise and/or behaviour therapy are also needed. Research exploring effective types of exercise, diet or behaviour and also interventions to prevent obesity in adults is required...

..Evidence is needed for the effectiveness of interventions given with reducing diets for obese adults: drug therapy, exercise, or behaviour therapy...

..Evidence is needed for the best long-term diet for weight loss, and improvement in cardiac risk and disease in obese adults...

..We review what is known about interventions to improve recruitment to trials. We describe a proposed business approach to trials and discuss the implementation of using a business model, using insights gained from three case studies...

..An information resource about on-going clinical trials designed for potential and current participants could help overcome some of these problems...

..Adoption of such an approach in other trials may yield significant improvements in recruitment and quality of participant information flow. There are, however, resource implications for both parties...

..To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of microwave endometrial ablation (MEA) and thermal balloon endometrial ablation (TBALL) for heavy menstrual bleeding...

..0%), weight (5.0%), and baseline BMD (2.8%). We conclude that women homozygous for the Sp1 polymorphism are at significantly increased risk of excess rates of bone loss at the spine, but this effect may be nullified by the use of HRT...

..However, there is uncertainty as to which is the most preferred method of randomisation in any given setting and to what extent more complex methods are actually being implemented in the field...

..To examine whether supplementation with multivitamins and multiminerals influences self reported days of infection, use of health services, and quality of life in people aged 65 or over...

..From the evidence presented in this review, we believe minimization to be a highly effective allocation method and recommend its wider adoption in the conduct of randomized controlled trials...

..To establish whether early use of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging or computed tomography (CT) influences treatment and outcome of patients with low back pain (LBP) and whether it is cost-effective...

..8, 3.1%; P= 0.92]. CONCLUSIONS It is possible to raise public awareness of clinical research using the media, but further efforts may be required to influence individuals' decisions to take part in clinical research...

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..The lack of correlation between ALP and quality of life observed in this study emphasizes the importance of addressing quality-of-life issues when treating PDB and not just focussing on response of ALP levels...

..To establish whether the early use of sophisticated imaging techniques influences the clinical management and outcome of patients with low back pain (LBP) and whether it is cost-effective...

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..Further research is needed to establish whether rates are equally high in other conditions, and whether the high prophylaxis rates are due to clinical effectiveness initiatives...

..Estimation of the net rate of endogenous non-carbonic acid production (NEAP) from dietary protein and potassium content enables exploration of the effects of dietary acidity or alkalinity on bone...