G D Batty

..For rapid progress to be made, however, there must be minimal bureaucratic entanglements...

..To test the hypothesis that IQ is a fundamental cause of socioeconomic inequalities in health...

..To examine the relations between obesity or overweight and coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality in men with and without prevalent CHD in a prospective cohort study...

..Replication of these results using studies which hold data on intelligence and socio-economic position across the life course is required...

..Adult height has been related to organ-specific malignancies in relatively few studies. Findings are discrepant for some sites and several studies are subject to a series of methodological limitations...

..This study evaluated the validity of adults' reports of childhood paternal social class...

..70, 95% CI 1.34-2.14). Adjusting for paternal occupational social class and birth weight had only a small attenuating effect. Low childhood IQ may have an aetiological role in the development of adult total psychiatric disorder...

..To examine the relation of obesity and overweight with organ-specific cancer mortality...

..We examined the potential relation of mental ability test scores at age 10 years with alcohol problems and alcohol intake at age 30 years...

..Numerous studies have reported that maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy is related to lower IQ scores in the offspring. Confounding is a crucial issue in interpreting this association...

..We examined the association of cigarette smoking with death attributed to 15 cancer sites, 7 of which are regarded as having an uncertain relation with tobacco...

..Few data link childhood mental ability (IQ) with risk of accidents, and most published studies have methodological limitations...

..To examine the relation of scores on tests of mental ability across childhood with established risk factors for premature mortality at the age of 30 years...

..We examined if episodes of diarrhoea in childhood, a recognized proxy for acute dehydration, were related to measured blood pressure and coronary heart disease in older adults...

..This study examines the association between childhood IQ and a range of established physiological and behavioural risk factors for premature mortality in adulthood. Design,..

..The purpose of this work was to examine the relation of scores on tests of mental ability in childhood with food consumption and physical activity in adulthood...

..The purpose of the present report is to systematically locate, evaluate, and interpret the findings of all such studies...

..Studies of the association of height and lung function with mortality--which are currently modest in number--will clarify the relative utility of these risk indices and the mechanisms underlying observed patterns of disease risk...

..To examine the association between scores on IQ tests in childhood and alcohol induced hangovers in middle aged men and women. Design, Setting, and..

..Examine the relation between IQ in early adulthood and later coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality, and assess the extent to which established risk factors measured in middle-age might explain this gradient...

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..While several studies have reported on the relation of diabetes status with pancreatic cancer risk, the predictive value of this disorder for other malignancies is unclear...

..To examine the role of potential mediating factors in explaining the IQ-mortality relation...

..To compare the strength of the relation of two measurements of IQ and 11 established risk factors with total and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality...

..While several studies have reported an inverse relation between IQ and total mortality rates, little is known about the association, if any, between IQ and disease-specific outcomes, particularly cancer...

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..While individuals with diabetes have a raised risk of stroke, it is unclear whether hyperglycaemia in non-diabetic populations is related to the development of this disease...

..Further investigation in prospective cohort studies with more detailed data on liver disease, for instance using biochemical tests of liver function or hepatic ultrasonography, is warranted...

..To analyse the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and liver disease in men and women...

..In cohort studies, a potentially important but little investigated manifestation of selection bias is the distortion of the exposure-disease relationship according to participation status...

..The statistically significant blood pressure-cancer associations seen in this large-scale prospective investigation offering high power were scarce and of sufficiently small magnitude as to be attributable to chance or confounding...

..For the first time, we make direct comparison in the same analyses of the associations between height and a series of malignancies in Australasian (Caucasian) and Asian populations...

..Further, the potential for mediation by adiposity in middle age has not been well examined. In a rare study, we investigated the association of body mass index (BMI) in early adulthood with mortality from several site-specific cancers...

..We examined whether there was an association between episodes of diarrhoea (a proxy for acute dehydration) and later measured blood pressure...

..However, in the very few studies conducted, substantial uncertainty exists regarding this relationship...

..The aim of this study is to identify the socio-economic and health-related factors in childhood and later life associated with healthy eating in early old age...

..We investigated the influence of the childhood growth of the mother or father on the birth weight of their first-born offspring...

..05; 0.94-1.18). Height-cancer associations were strongest for lung cancer (HR 1.21; 0.96-1.51). This analysis provides limited support for the suggestion that leg length is the component of height underlying height-cancer associations..

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..We investigated associations of having been breastfed with serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 in childhood...

..It is unclear whether early life body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)) is associated with adult cardiovascular disease...

..Examine the association of oral disease with future dementia/cognitive decline in a cohort of people with type 2 diabetes...

..No clear association between early drinking and breast cancer risk exists. These results are discussed in relation to possible underlying mechanisms and health promotion strategies which could reduce breast cancer risk...

..Breast-feeding in infancy has been associated with decreased coronary heart disease mortality, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We investigated the association of breast-feeding with blood pressure in a contemporary cohort...

..One metabolic pathway through which adiposity influences disease risk may be via alterations in insulin and IGF metabolism...

..There is a well-established association between pre-morbid low IQ score and schizophrenia. Psychosis-like symptoms in children may also be a risk factor for psychotic disorder but their relationship with IQ is unclear...

..We are aware of no studies that investigated the association of IGF-I levels with IQ in population samples of normal children...

..There is evidence that greater body mass index (BMI) protects against depression, schizophrenia and suicide. However, there is a need for prospective studies...

..To investigate the association of having been breast fed with cardiovascular disease risk factors, incidence, and mortality...

..We investigated the relationship of prostate cancer with height and its components (leg and trunk length) in a nested case-control study and with height in a dose-response meta-analysis...

..To assess the association of having been breast fed with social class mobility between childhood and adulthood...

..Studies in young male conscripts suggest that low IQ scores are associated with an increased risk of suicide. Mechanisms underlying this association are unclear...

..8+ years). There was no evidence that any of the five indicators of childhood growth was more strongly related to cancer risk than the other measures...

..Our aim was to study trends over time in prostate-cancer mortality and incidence in the USA and UK in 1975-2004, and compare these patterns with trends in screening and treatment...

..Additionally, the link between IQ and cause-specific mortality has been little explored...

..Thus, screening for early cancers on the basis of LUTS may not be justified...

..Some studies suggest that raised blood pressure may increase prostate cancer risk. We investigated associations of blood pressure with prostate cancer within the CONOR collaborative cohorts of Norway...

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..The metabolic syndrome has been suggested as a unifying link between a "western" lifestyle and an increased prostate cancer risk...

..Whether this association relates to alterations in plaque growth or stability, and the role of IGF-II and the major binding proteins [IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-2 and -3], is unclear...

..To investigate impacts of withdrawal and regulatory advice regarding cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors on UK population rates of gastrointestinal haemorrhage and acute myocardial infarction (MI)...

..Leg length may be more strongly associated than trunk length with cancer risk. Possible explanations for these findings are discussed in relation to nutritional intake and hormonal levels...

..The impact of breastfeeding in infancy on cardiovascular disease risk is uncertain. We related breastfeeding in infancy to atherosclerosis in adulthood...

..We investigated associations between breast-feeding during infancy and adult cancer incidence and mortality in a cohort study and meta-analyses of published studies...

..There are no national data on the characteristics and management of people presenting to hospital following self-harm...

..Adverse health outcomes should be weighed up against advantages for children born to older parents, mindful that these societal advantages are likely to change over time...

..To investigate the spatial patterning and possible contributors to the geographical distribution of suicide among 15-44- year-old men...

..To investigate the association of breastfeeding with all-cause, cardiovascular, and ischaemic heart disease mortality...

..Main outcome measure All completed hospital admissions with a mention of assault by sharp object (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, code X99) in the relevant diagnosis fields in HES...

..The role of childhood exposures, as indexed by adult height and body mass index, appears to be less strong...

..The mental health of young adults or other factors influencing suicide risk may have deteriorated more in rural than urban areas in recent years. Explanations for these trends require further investigation...

..It is possible that some of the patterns observed are due to declining levels of social integration, but such effects do not appear to have adversely influenced patterns in older generations...

..Impaired intellectual performance is associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia...

..Many people with mental health problems do not seek professional help but their use of other sources of help is unclear...

..However, few studies have examined the relationship between diet and IGF levels in children...

..This review summarizes the published literature on suicide by hanging. The focus is on its epidemiology in England and on identifying potential means of prevention...

..To determine whether risk factors in childhood and early adulthood affect later mammographic breast density...

..The stronger association between paternal age and schizophrenia in people without a family history provides further evidence that accumulation of de novo mutations in paternal sperm contributes to the overall risk of schizophrenia...

..A positive association has been reported between adult height and the incidence of testicular cancer. No previous study has explored whether this relationship is due to the influence of fetal growth on adult height...

..We conclude that childhood BMI is related to increased risk of cancer in later life, particularly smoking-related cancers...

..Previous studies have found associations between poor fetal and infant growth and the risk of suicide. The authors' goal was to investigate the association between height--a measure of childhood growth--and suicide risk...

..Raised body mass index is associated with an increased risk of depression but reduced risk of suicide in men and women. The mechanisms underlying these different associations require clarification...

..To explore the risk of suicide associated with occupation while evaluating the impact of socio-economic, demographic and psychiatric differences...

..The present study aims to investigate whether there is an increased risk of schizophrenia and other nonaffective psychoses associated with viral or bacterial CNS infections during childhood and, if so, which specific agents are involved...

..Evidence for a link between cancer risk and dairy consumption in adulthood is increasing, but associations with childhood dairy consumption have not been studied adequately...

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..This study examined socio-economic differences in antidepressant prescriptions and mortality related to depressive disorders...

..The high number of suicides in elderly people globally is likely to be due, in part, to the difficulty they face in surviving the effects of both the poisoning and its treatment...

..The aim of the present study was to examine the association between early diet - in particular, the intakes of cows' milk and dairy products - and height, leg length and IGF-I levels at age 7-8 years...

..In this study, we investigated the association of IGF-I measured at 5 and 7-8 yr with growth in height and the components of height (leg and trunk length) from 5 yr to 9-10 yr...

..To examine the association of variables from survey data on well-being with suicide rates and other markers of population mental health in Europe...

..The aim of this study was to investigate the association between maternal socioeconomic position and a persistent low Apgar score (a score of < 7 at 1 and 5 min following birth)...

..Future work should focus on elucidating the biologic mechanisms that lead to variations in birth length and underlie this association...

..Previous studies have had inadequate designs. The aim of the present study was to describe a broad range of social factors during childhood and the risk of developing psychosis later in life in a national cohort...

..This change has occurred in both sexes. Prior to this period the suicide rate was lower or about the same as that in England and Wales...

..79, 0.96), indicating that weight loss as a consequence of mental illness does not explain the BMI-suicide association and that factors influencing BMI may be causally implicated in the etiology of mental disorders leading to suicide...