Research Topics
| David BackSummaryAffiliation: University of Liverpool Country: UK Publications
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Detail Information
Publications
Different methods to calculate the inhibitory quotient of boosted single protease inhibitors and their association with virological responseAlan Winston
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 41:675-6. 2006- Darunavir: pharmacokinetics and drug interactionsDavid Back
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
Antivir Ther 13:1-13. 2008.... - Therapeutic drug monitoring in HIV infection: current status and future directionsDavid Back
Pharmacology Research Laboratories, University of Liverpool, UK
AIDS 16:S5-37. 2002..However, TDM has been introduced in some centres despite the lack of guidelines for optimal use of this test... - An update on therapeutic drug monitoring for antiretroviral drugsDavid Back
Pharmacology Research Laboratories, University of Liverpool, 70 Pembroke Street, Liverpool, USA
Ther Drug Monit 28:468-73. 2006..Finally the development of the inhibitory quotient (IQ) concept is discussed... - Pharmacokinetic drug interactions with nevirapineDavid Back
Liverpool HIV Pharmacology Group, Pharmacology Research Laboratories, University of Liverpool, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L69 3GF, UK
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 34:S8-14. 2003..g. methadone, oral contraceptives, rifampicin, and there are some definite contraindications. By understanding pharmacological principles, it is possible to optimise use of multi-drug regimens... - Influence of atazanavir 200 mg on the intracellular and plasma pharmacokinetics of saquinavir and ritonavir 1600/100 mg administered once daily in HIV-infected patientsJennifer Ford
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, 70 Pembroke Place, Liverpool L69 3GF, and PK Research Ltd, St Stephen's Centre, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
J Antimicrob Chemother 58:1009-16. 2006..Co-administration of atazanavir caused an increase in both the plasma and cellular exposure (AUC0-24) and C24 of saquinavir but not ritonavir... - Limited-sampling strategy for the prediction of boosted hard-gel saquinavir exposure at a dosage of 1000/100 mg twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individualsLaura Dickinson
Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
Ther Drug Monit 29:361-7. 2007..It may also aid the choice of sampling times for population analysis... 
Simultaneous population pharmacokinetic modelling of atazanavir and ritonavir in HIV-infected adults and assessment of different dose reduction strategiesAlessandro Schipani
Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 62:60-6. 2013..Simulations of ATV concentration-time profiles were performed at doses of ATV/RTV 300/50 mg, 200/50 mg, and 200/100 mg once daily...
New directly acting antivirals for hepatitis C: potential for interaction with antiretroviralsKay Seden
NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals Trust, and Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
J Antimicrob Chemother 65:1079-85. 2010..Therapeutic drug monitoring is likely to play a role in the clinical management of such interactions...- Sequential population pharmacokinetic modeling of lopinavir and ritonavir in healthy volunteers and assessment of different dosing strategiesLaura Dickinson
Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Pharmacology Research Laboratories, Block H, First Floor, 70 Pembroke Place, Liverpool L693GF, United Kingdom
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 55:2775-82. 2011..The model allows a better understanding of the interaction between lopinavir and ritonavir and may allow a better prediction of lopinavir concentrations and assessments of different dosing strategies... - Plasma and intracellular pharmacokinetics of darunavir/ritonavir once daily and raltegravir once and twice daily in HIV-infected individualsAkil Jackson
St Stephen s Centre, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 58:450-7. 2011..To investigate the pharmacokinetics of darunavir/ritonavir and raltegravir, in HIV-infected subjects, in both plasma and at the intracellular (IC) site of action... - Directly acting antivirals for hepatitis C and antiretrovirals: potential for drug-drug interactionsKay Seden
NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital Trust, Liverpool, UK
Curr Opin HIV AIDS 6:514-26. 2011..Potential for DDIs with the DAAs in clinical development and the mechanisms of interaction are also discussed... - Intracellular and plasma pharmacokinetics of saquinavir-ritonavir, administered at 1,600/100 milligrams once daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patientsJennifer Ford
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, 70 Pembroke Pl, Block H, First Floor, Liverpool L69 3GF, United Kingdom
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 48:2388-93. 2004..The intracellular t(1/2)s of saquinavir and ritonavir were longer than the plasma t(1/2)s, indicating that intracellular drug may be available at a time when concentrations in plasma are below the minimum effective concentration... - Pharmacokinetics and drug-drug interactions of antiretrovirals: an updateLaura Dickinson
NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital Trust, Liverpool, UK
Antiviral Res 85:176-89. 2010..org, http://www.clinicaloptions.com/hiv, http://hivinsite.ucsf.edu. This article forms part of a special issue of Antiviral Research marking the 25th anniversary of antiretroviral drug discovery and development, Vol 85, issue 1, 2010... - Intracellular 'boosting' of darunavir using known transport inhibitors in primary PBMCWai San Kwan
Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
Br J Clin Pharmacol 68:375-80. 2009..Darunavir is the most recently licensed protease inhibitor and we sought to investigate the ability of transport inhibitors to influence its intracellular accumulation in lymphocytes from healthy volunteers... - Pharmacokinetic evaluation of etravirineLaura Dickinson
Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital Trust, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Liverpool, UK
Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 6:1575-85. 2010..Development of antiretrovirals active against resistant virus, such as the diarylpyrimidine non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) etravirine, is important to broaden treatment options to patients who have few available... - Lipodystrophy in patients with HIV-1 infection: effect of stopping protease inhibitors on TNF-alpha and TNF-receptor levels, and on metabolic parametersBridget Maher
Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
Antivir Ther 9:879-87. 2004..This was not accompanied by significant changes in body habitus or insulin resistance, although this may have been a consequence of the short follow-up in this study... - Validation of a rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) assay for the simultaneous determination of existing and new antiretroviral compoundsLaura Else
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Pharmacology Research Laboratories, Liverpool, UK
J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 878:1455-65. 2010..The method described is being successfully applied to measure plasma antiretroviral concentrations from samples obtained from clinical pharmacokinetic studies... - Grapefruit-drug interactionsKay Seden
NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital Trust, Liverpool, UK
Drugs 70:2373-407. 2010..The aim of this review is to outline the mechanisms of grapefruit-drug interactions and present a comprehensive summary of those agents affected and whether they are likely to be of clinical relevance... - Antiretroviral drug interactions: often unrecognized, frequently unavoidable, sometimes unmanageableKay Seden
NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals Trust, Liverpool, UK
J Antimicrob Chemother 64:5-8. 2009.... - Simultaneous determination of HIV protease inhibitors amprenavir, atazanavir, indinavir, lopinavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir and saquinavir in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometryLaura Dickinson
Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Pharmacology Research Laboratories, Block H, First Floor, 70 Pembroke Place, Liverpool L69 3GF, UK
J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 829:82-90. 2005..The bioanalytical method described is successfully applied to measure PI concentrations obtained from clinical pharmacokinetic studies and routine therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)... - Global patient safety and antiretroviral drug-drug interactions in the resource-limited settingKay Seden
NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital Trust, Liverpool, UK
J Antimicrob Chemother 68:1-3. 2013.... - The effects of protease inhibitors and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors on p-glycoprotein expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitroBecky Chandler
University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 33:551-6. 2003..These results indicate the potential of some PIs and NNRTIs to induce P-gp expression in PBMCs in vitro... - Differences in the pharmacokinetics of protease inhibitors between healthy volunteers and HIV-infected personsLaura Dickinson
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
Curr Opin HIV AIDS 3:296-305. 2008..Physiological changes resulting from HIV disease can influence drug pharmacokinetics and the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated... - Effect of prototypical inducers on ligand activated nuclear receptor regulated drug disposition genes in rodent hepatic and intestinal cellsPhilip Martin
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Liverpool, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, UK
Acta Pharmacol Sin 31:51-65. 2010.... - Intracellular indinavir pharmacokinetics in HIV-infected patients: comparison with plasma pharmacokineticsMartina Hennessy
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
Antivir Ther 8:191-8. 2003..To determine intracellular concentrations of indinavir (IDV) and investigate the relationship between plasma and intracellular IDV pharmacokinetics in HIV-infected patients... - Factors influencing efavirenz and nevirapine plasma concentration: effect of ethnicity, weight and co-medicationWolfgang Stöhr
MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, UK
Antivir Ther 13:675-85. 2008..The aim of this study was to examine factors influencing plasma concentration of efavirenz and nevirapine... - HIV-associated lipodystrophy: a review of underlying mechanisms and therapeutic optionsJane E Mallewa
Department of Infectious Diseases, North Manchester General Hospital, Delaunays Road, Manchester M8 5RB, UK
J Antimicrob Chemother 62:648-60. 2008..Some new approaches including adipocytokines, uridine supplementation, glitazones, growth hormone (or growth hormone-releasing hormone analogues), metformin and statins (used alone or in combination) merit further investigation... - Pharmacokinetics of saquinavir hard gel/ritonavir (1000/100 mg twice daily) when administered with tenofovir diproxil fumarate in HIV-1-infected subjectsMarta Boffito
PK Research Ltd, St Stephen s Centre, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, UK
Br J Clin Pharmacol 59:38-42. 2005..To investigate whether the administration of tenofovir diproxil fumarate 300 mg once daily alters the plasma pharmacokinetics of the saquinavir hard gel/ritonavir combination in HIV-1 infected individuals... - Steady-State pharmacokinetics of saquinavir hard-gel/ritonavir/fosamprenavir in HIV-1-infected patientsMarta Boffito
PK Research Ltd, St Stephen s Centre, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 37:1376-84. 2004..This study evaluated the steady-state pharmacokinetics of saquinavir 1000 mg twice daily (bid) and fosamprenavir 700 mg bid administered with 2 different doses of ritonavir (100 and 200 mg bid) in HIV-1-infected subjects... - Therapeutic drug monitoringDavid Back
J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care (Chic Ill) 1:84-5. 2002 - Current status and future prospects of therapeutic drug monitoring and applied clinical pharmacology in antiretroviral therapyMarta Boffito
Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
Antivir Ther 10:375-92. 2005..In addition, the panel formulated a series of position statements that are relevant to the interpretation of current data and can aid the design of future clinical trials... - Abacavir plasma pharmacokinetics in the absence and presence of atazanavir/ritonavir or lopinavir/ritonavir and vice versa in HIV-infected patientsLauro J Waters
St Stephen s Centre, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
Antivir Ther 12:825-30. 2007..This study investigated the steady-state plasma pharmacokinetics of abacavir when co-administered with atazanavir/ritonavir or lopinavir/ritonavir in HIV-infected individuals... - Therapeutic drug monitoring and drug-drug interactions involving antiretroviral drugsMarta Boffito
Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
Antivir Ther 10:469-77. 2005.... - Effect of omeprazole on the pharmacokinetics of saquinavir-500 mg formulation with ritonavir in healthy male and female volunteersAlan Winston
Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
AIDS 20:1401-6. 2006..We evaluated the effect of omeprazole, a proton-pump-inhibitor, on the pharmacokinetics of the recently developed saquinavir-500 mg formulation co-administered with ritonavir... - Pharmacokinetics of saquinavir hard-gel/ritonavir and atazanavir when combined once daily in HIV Type 1-infected individuals administered different atazanavir dosesMarta Boffito
Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 22:749-56. 2006..Atazanavir-related hyperbilirubinemia was dose dependent. However, higher saquinavir and atazanavir exposure may be required to suppress HIV-resistant strain replication... - Stopping antiretroviral therapyStephen Taylor
Directorate of Sexual Medicine and HIV, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Bordesly Green East, Birmingham, UK
AIDS 21:1673-82. 2007 - Dose escalation or immediate full dose when switching from efavirenz to nevirapine-based highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1-infected individuals?Alan Winston
Department of Genitourinary and HIV Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, UK
AIDS 18:572-4. 2004..It was found that when changing from efavirenz to nevirapine individuals should commence on 200 mg twice a day, as this dose is associated with therapeutic plasma drug levels... - Differential expression of human immunodeficiency virus coreceptors, by CEM, CEMVBL, and CEM E1000 cellsAndrew Owen
J Infect Dis 187:874-5; author reply 875-6. 2003 - Intracellular accumulation of nelfinavir and its relationship to P-glycoprotein expression and function in HIV-infected patientsMartina Hennessy
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
Antivir Ther 9:115-22. 2004..To compare plasma and intracellular nelfinavir pharmacokinetics, and determine their relationship to P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression and function in lymphocytes of HIV-infected patients... - Intracellular carbovir triphosphate levels in patients taking abacavir once a dayMarianne Harris
AIDS 16:1196-7. 2002 - Pharmacokinetics of once-daily saquinavir/ritonavir in HIV-infected subjects: comparison with the standard twice-daily regimenMarta Boffito
Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
Antivir Ther 9:423-9. 2004..To evaluate the steady-state pharmacokinetics and safety of two once-daily saquinavir/ritonavir (SQV/RTV) regimens, 1600/100 and 2000/100 mg, in HIV-positive patients... - The potential for interactions between antimalarial and antiretroviral drugsSaye Khoo
AIDS 19:995-1005. 2005 - Boosted saquinavir hard gel formulation exposure in HIV-infected subjects: ritonavir 100 mg once daily versus twice dailyMarta Boffito
PK Research Ltd, St Stephen s Centre, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, UK
J Antimicrob Chemother 55:542-5. 2005..This study examined the pharmacokinetics of twice-daily saquinavir-hg (1000 mg) in the presence of ritonavir 100 mg, dosed twice-daily and once-daily on one single occasion... - The addition of mycophenolate mofetil to antiretroviral therapy including abacavir is associated with depletion of intracellular deoxyguanosine triphosphate and a decrease in plasma HIV-1 RNADavid M Margolis
Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, North Texas Veterans Health Care Systems, Dallas, USA
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 31:45-9. 2002..The possibility that MMF may enhance the effect of selected NRTIs and be tolerated in late stage HIV disease deserves careful randomized study...