M Clarke

..The following factors appear to be associated with a lower risk of subarachnoid haemorrhage: high cholesterol, diabetes and use of hormone replacement therapy...

..Systematic reviews (or overviews) of reviews are a logical and appropriate next step, allowing the findings of separate reviews to be compared and contrasted, providing clinical decision makers with the evidence they need...

..Quantitative reviews are rare; this one evaluates the effects of chlorpromazine in the treatment of schizophrenia in comparison with placebo...

..In the current study, we assess whether there had been progress in this respect in 2005 and also investigate the extent to which reports begin by referring to systematic reviews providing the justification for the new research reported...

..This chapter discusses the rationale for individual patient data reviews and describes some of their features...

..I review the origins, development, and structure of the organization and describe the important components of its output, The Cochrane Library...

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..To assess whether making the sender's knighthood explicit in a series of letters would have any detectable effect on the response...

..We assessed the extent to which reports of controlled trials published in the same 5 journals discussed new results in light of the totality of evidence from other controlled trials...

..It's not that you can't believe anything that you read in the papers, just that you cannot believe everything...

..This status is reflected in the International Journal of Epidemiology's reproduction of the full text of the trial report in this issue of the journal...

..To detect term(s) in the Cochrane Highly Sensitive Search Strategy (HSSS) that retain high sensitivity but improve precision in retrieving reports of trials in the PubMed version of medline...

..Here, we extend the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) Statement to develop a minimum list of essential items, which authors should consider when reporting the results of a RCT in any journal or conference abstract...

..To assess how information about adverse events is included in systematic reviews...

..To assess how trial information reported in conference abstracts differs to their subsequent full publication...

..To identify and describe randomised controlled trials on HIV and AIDS conducted in Africa and to map their spatial distribution using exact geographic coordinates...

..To assess how completely trials published in conference proceedings are reported and whether this has changed over time...

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..The continued growth of contributors from India and South Asia will help ensure that decisions regarding healthcare in the region are informed by reliable and relevant evidence...

..To determine the extent to which reports of Cochrane reviews recommend the need for further research and, if so, the extent to which they make suggestions regarding that research...

..They should be a prerequisite of any new research, a key component in decision making, and an opportunity for all surgical practitioners to get involved in the conduct and interpretation of research...

..Randomized trials are important for controlling selection biases, and where sufficient numbers of participants are involved, have the potential to yield reliable estimates of treatment effects...

..Nevertheless, this aspect of research design often causes confusion for the novice researcher...

..Further research is needed to explore other aspects of the relative importance and impact of high-reprint articles...

..The results of this study suggest that a combination of MEDLINE and handsearching is required to identify adequately reports of randomized trials...

..A collaborative meta-analysis was performed to clarify the relative effects on relapse and survival of different types of therapies directed at the CNS in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia...

..One of these recommendations is that the trial's results be discussed in light of the totality of the available evidence...

..The numbers of removals of patients from General Practitioner lists in Ireland is increasing and is a cause for some concern...

..This should be borne in mind both by trialists when reporting their results and by readers and reviewers of those reports...

..Extrapolations from the observations and calculations reported here can be employed as an evidence base to inform the design of neuropsychological outcome studies in large multicentre trials...

..This PLoS Medicine Debate considers the challenges facing systematic reviewers and suggests several ways of addressing them...

..Here we present clinical outcomes 1 year after treatment...

..We undertook a randomised, multicentre trial to compare the safety and efficacy of endovascular coiling with standard neurosurgical clipping for such aneurysms judged to be suitable for both treatments...

..However trials remained relatively small, with more than half of all randomizations accruing less than 200 patients and only five having more than 1000. Most trials were published more than once...