Alison N Jeffery

..We sought to establish from longitudinal data its relationship to pubertal onset, and interactions with age, sex, adiposity, and IGF-1...

..The aim of this study was to evaluate whether adaptive responses made to the uterine or very early infant environment are affecting the current metabolic health of young children in the United Kingdom...

..However, adiponectin's role as a predictor of metabolic dysfunction in healthy, normal-weight youngsters is less clear...

..It situates the anthropometric, physical activity and dietary status of the EarlyBird children and provides a detailed metabolic profile of the British 5 year-old in the year 2000...

..Little is known of these associations in children. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that long-term weight gain in children is met with adaptive changes in resting energy expenditure, mediated by insulin resistance and/or leptin...

..Rising obesity has been observed in all age groups. Anthropometric cut-points have been used to predict metabolic risk in children, although they are not based on known outcomes...

..IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: these concern the importance of pre-conception weight management, and support replacement of routine random glucose sampling during the third trimester with an earlier, fasting measurement...

..REE is not a significant predictor of future weight gain or adverse change in body composition and, although the period of follow-up was limited, adiponectin seems unlikely to confound such a relationship in healthy young children...

..Height, body fat and body mass index (BMI) are correlated in children, so we hypothesized that the gender-assortative associations in BMI recently reported in contemporary children might extend to their height and body fat...

..Resting energy expenditure does not appear to provide an explanation for childhood obesity...

..Recent evidence suggests that, in children, traditional markers of metabolic disturbance are related only weakly to physical activity. We therefore sought to establish the corresponding relationships with newer metabolic markers...

..To investigate the direction of causality in the association between adiposity and insulin resistance in children...

..There is a scarcity of longitudinal studies in contemporary children reporting the impact of early weight gain on metabolic health...

..89 and 0.88 units, respectively, P = 0.96; girls 1.26 and 1.13 units, P = 0.41). Insulin resistance in contemporary children seems to be a function of excess current weight rather than of low birth weight or change in weight...

..Therefore, BIA may be useful for large-scale studies but is not interchangeable with DEXA and should be interpreted with caution in individuals...

..Resting energy expenditure (REE) is variable among individuals and is one of many factors controlling body mass...

..The quality of diet diminished over time in 29 % of the children and improved in only 14 %. Dietary habits appear to be set early and seldom improve spontaneously...

..In conclusion, a comprehensive analysis of common variation of the glucokinase gene shows that this is the first gene to be reproducibly associated with fasting glucose and fetal growth...

..We sought to establish age- and sex-specific distributions of metabolic correlates of insulin resistance in healthy prepubertal children...

..This apparent paradox might be explained if high birth weight programmed a greater proportion of subsequent lean mass, which carries less cardiovascular risk than fat tissue...

..Girls are more insulin resistant than boys. We aimed in the present report to establish how much of the sex difference in insulin resistance is intrinsic...