Christopher W McIntyre

..We set out to investigate if it might be possible to utilize the intrinsic advantages of both modalities within a setting of good patient acceptability...

..This article attempts to review therapies under development and considers additional effects that the next generation of agents may bring over and above those already within the therapeutic armamentarium...

..Furthermore, we have investigated the effects of this strategy on epoetin requirements and vascular access function...

..Factors associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) contribute to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and death. The impact of vascular disease on CKD progression is, however, less well studied...

..We therefore studied ET after improvement of the overall CV milieu with introduction of optimized antihypertensive therapy (AHT)...

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..HD-induced myocardial ischemia may initiate the same process. We examined the effect of HD-induced repetitive myocardial stunning on global and regional LV function...

..Moreover, subjects ≥75 years are often excluded from research studies. We therefore undertook a prospective study of patients with CKD stage 3 in primary care to compare the risk profile of older versus younger subjects...

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..The frequency of premature ventricular complexes is significantly higher during hemodialysis in patients who develop regional wall motion abnormalities and may be related to factors associated with demand ischemia...

..However, the mechanisms underlying these changes have not been established...

..This may have consequences for registry reporting, therapy modulation and potentially the pathogenesis of accelerated vascular calcification seen in HD patients...

..This study aimed to investigate the impact of AVF formation on the spectrum of cardiovascular factors that might be important in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients...

..This study's aim was to investigate endotoxemia across the spectrum of chronic kidney disease (CKD)...

..002). The use of individualized variable dialysis treatment time using online ionic dialysance measurements of Kt/V(ID) appears both practicable and effective at ensuring consistently delivered adequate dialysis...

..The objective of this study was to investigate prospectively the determinants, cardiovascular functional consequences, and survival associated with vascular calcification over 24 mo...

..This study used serial intradialytic H(2)(15)O positron emission tomography scanning to confirm that the development of dialysis-induced RWMAs was associated with reduction in myocardial blood flow (MBF)...

..In a setting of dialysate sodium reduction, DC did not appear to have any short-term clinical advantage over standard dialysis, and its range is limited at the lower conductivity settings...

..This study confirms previous findings of reversible LV RWMA that develop during hemodialysis. It also shows that this phenomenon can be ameliorated by reducing dialysate temperature, a simple intervention with no cost implications...

..The increased number of drain/fill cycles compared to CAPD, or the progressive rise in TPR and reduction in CO (possibly due to a cooling effect), may potentially be factors that adversely affect RRF in APD patients...

..25 mmol/L may not be ideal for every patient. To minimize the effects of exogenous calcium overload, dialysate concentrations should be prescribed with reference to plasma calcium levels...

..HD may initiate and drive the same process. In this study, we examined the prevalence and associations of HD-induced repetitive myocardial injury and long-term effects on LV function and patient outcomes...

..Regular on-line assessment of haemoglobin may allow more proactive micromanagement of renal anaemia, with a reduction in the time taken to achieve clinically important targets and give early warning of suboptimal response to treatment...

..Early identification of these patients would allow utilization of therapeutic strategies to improve intradialytic tolerability, potentially abrogating aggravation of myocardial injury...

..This may be a causative factor in the development of HD-induced cardiac injury. We examined total and diffusive sodium mass balance during HD...

..175 +/- 14 mmol, p < 0.0001). Reduction in Cndi monitored by IMB is safe and practical and leads to improved interdialytic weight gains and blood pressure control, while avoiding excessive sodium removal...

..Monitoring of adequacy thus requires more frequent assessment of Kt than is currently performed. Online monitoring of ionic dialysance achieves this...

..04). Relatively higher AVF flows appear to be associated with a lower level of observed HD-induced cardiac injury...

..This article attempts to review calcification of the cardiovascular system as a whole entity and how the structural and functional changes may translate to the observed patterns of disease seen in these patients...

..This phase II study tested the safety and efficacy of fermagate, a calcium-free iron and magnesium hydroxycarbonate binder, for treating hyperphosphatemia in hemodialysis patients...

..We sought to describe the primary cause of death in a large group of prospectively identified patients with AKI...

..Many patients with AKI are cared for by non-nephrologists. This can result in variable standards of care that contribute to poor outcomes...

..Recurrent subclinical myocardial ischemia is important in the genesis of heart failure in nondialysis patients. We examined whether this phenomenon occurs in response to the stress of hemodialysis (HD)...

..This study investigated the hypothesis that modification of UF volume and rate with more frequent HD therapies would abrogate dialysis-induced myocardial stunning...

..Circulating troponin T levels are frequently elevated in patients undergoing long-term dialysis. The pathophysiology underlying these elevations is controversial...

..This study aims to explore the potential link between previously unrecognised endotoxaemia and EPO Resistance Index (ERI) in HD patients...

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..We have studied the accuracy of this method of measuring Kt/V, and the variability of treatment dose delivered to individual patients...

..There are no trials comparing fixed empirical temperature reduction with BTM, and no trials examining the long-term effects of cool dialysis on patient outcomes...

..Percutaneous insertion of these catheters requires large calibre tissue dilators with the potential to cause trauma to central veins, particularly if anatomical abnormalities are present...

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..We report on a strategy of partial replacement of calcium with sevelamer for the management of hyperphosphataemia in hypercalcaemic chronic HD patients...

..Understanding the associations between conventional markers of haemodynamic instability and autonomic function will allow early identification of patients likely to benefit from individualizing dialysis therapy...

..Further work is required to identify factors which promote progression of arterial calcification in those who are susceptible...

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..More biocompatible and nonglucose-containing dialysis fluids seem to be associated with improvements in glycemic control in this group of patients...

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..This study aimed to develop the first comprehensive description of the epidemiology of dialysis-treated ESKD in Libya...

..Catheter-related infection (CRI) is associated with increased all-cause mortality and morbidity in hemodialysis patients and may be reduced by using antimicrobial lock solutions (ALSs)...

..In particular we wished to show that a pre-dialysis estimation was as good as a post-dialysis equilibrated measurement in order to avoid patients needing to remain behind after dialysis treatment...

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..We have demonstrated, for the first time, impaired and dysregulated microcirculatory function in patients with VC. This may be important in understanding the pathophysiology of the complications and cardiovascular consequences of VC...

..This study demonstrates that PHF (without exposure to acetate) is associated with less deterioration in systemic hemodynamics, maintenance of BP, and less suppression of myocardial contractility as compared with bicarbonate dialysis...

..Research is also benefiting from novel insights into the process of haemodialysis provided by this technology...

..To examine the possibility that uraemia directly influences the release of this cytokine in bone, we have investigated the effect of human uraemic serum on the release of IL-6 from human osteoblast-like cells...