David O Kennedy

..As the two herbs are most often sold in combination with each other the current study assessed the anxiolytic properties of such a combination during laboratory-induced stress...

..Although recent research has demonstrated modulation of mood in keeping with these roles, no studies to date have directly investigated the effects of this herbal medication on laboratory-induced psychological stress...

..These results indicate that a combination of caffeine and glucose can ameliorate deficits in cognitive performance and subjective fatigue during extended periods of cognitive demand...

..These findings demonstrate for the first time that P. ginseng can directly modulate cerebroelectrical activity, and that these effects are more pronounced than those following G. biloba...

..It is suggested that ginseng would benefit from rigorous research further delineating its acute effects and exploring the relationship between acute effects and those seen during and following chronic administration regimens...

..The results confirm previous observations of the cholinesterase inhibiting properties of S. officinalis, and improved mood and cognitive performance following the administration of single doses to healthy young participants...

..The results also suggest that different preparations derived from the same plant species may exhibit different properties depending on the process used for the sample preparation...

..Resveratrol may therefore modulate aspects of brain function in humans...

..Despite media and public expectation of efficacy, no study to date has investigated the cognitive and mood effects of omega 3 supplementation in healthy children...

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..Further research is required to identify whether this effect is due to the complexation of the extracts, their mere combination, or the separate psychopharmacological actions of the two extracts...

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..Given the low caffeine content (9 mg) of this dose of guarana extract, the effects are unlikely to be attributable to its caffeine content...

..These results suggest that beverages containing L-theanine and caffeine may have a different pharmacological profile to those containing caffeine alone...

..This proposition requires further investigation...

..Panax ginseng caused a reduction in blood glucose levels 1 hour following consumption when ingested without glucose.These results confirm that Panax ginseng may possess glucoregulatory properties and can enhance cognitive performance...

..Both glucose and caffeine can improve aspects of cognitive performance and, in the case of caffeine, mood. There are few studies investigating the effects of the two substances in combination...

..Few studies have assessed the relationship between supplementation with vitamins/minerals and psychological functioning in healthy cohorts of non-elderly adults...

..Changes in hemodynamic response to tasks were not accompanied by consistent changes in cognitive performance...

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..05). Overall these data suggest that Panax ginseng can improve performance and subjective feelings of mental fatigue during sustained mental activity. This effect may be related to the acute gluco-regulatory properties of the extract...

..These findings suggest that caffeine, at levels typically found in a single dietary serving, is able to modulate cerebral blood flow but these effects are subject to tolerance...

..Differences in the patterns of responses to caffeine by habitual consumers and habitual non-consumers may go some way to explaining why some individuals become caffeine consumers...

..These encouraging pilot data warrant further application of NIRS in this area...

..No modulation of the speed of performing attention tasks was evident. Improvements in self-rated mood was also found following ginkgo and to a lesser extent the combination product...

..They are discussed in terms of how an increased understanding of the relationship between their ecological roles and CNS effects might further the field of natural, phytochemical drug discovery...

..The benefits to glucose regulation associated with long-term ginseng use may only be present in populations with compromised glucose control; however, further research is needed to confirm such a speculation...

..The present study assessed the effects of Panax ginseng (G115) on subjective mood and aspects of 'working' memory processes, following a single dose and following sub-chronic (7 days) ingestion, in healthy volunteers...

..The current study investigated the effect of supplementation with a multi-vitamin/mineral on fatigue and cognitive function in healthy females...

..This was accompanied by improved accuracy during Serial Sevens and Serial Threes following the 640 mg and the 960 mg dose, respectively. The paper concludes with speculation into the possible mechanisms underlying these effects...

..These findings, taken together with other recent reports of null effects, suggest that dietary supplementation with n-3 PUFA in healthy, normally developing and impairment-free populations is unlikely to result in cognitive enhancement...

..The aim of the study was to assess the effects of oral ingestion of the 'green tea' polyphenol epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on cognitive performance, mood and localised cerebral blood flow (CBF) parameters in healthy human adults...

..However, the relationship between physiological and cognitive processes associated with processing emotional material are more complex...

..Both nicotinic and muscarinic binding were found to be low in comparison to the levels found in previous studies...

..There was also a dose dependent decrement in performance of the "speed of attention" factor for both the 320 and 640 mg doses. These results are discussed in the context of previous findings within this series of studies...

..742 and -13.510, respectively, p<0.05) and secondary memory (M=-30.675 and -47.183, respectively, p<0.05)...

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..These data have implications for the use of ginseng in individuals with poor gluco-regulation...

..The data also suggest that previous reports of memory enhancement by Salvia may be due to more efficient retrieval of target material...

..Despite being widely consumed, the effects of multi-vitamin supplements on psychological functioning have received little research attention...

..In contrast to the literature investigating restricted ranges of vitamins, most of the evidence regarding multivitamins was collected from healthy, non-elderly samples, suggesting that more research in this population is warranted...

..The findings suggest that the effects cannot be attributed to caffeine alone...

..To the best of our knowledge this represents the first demonstration of a modulation of mood and cognitive performance by acute administration of Ginseng...

..However, the relative contribution of central and peripheral (e.g. cardiac) activity to this effect has yet to be determined...

..The latter two deficits remained significant after controlling for other drug use. These data lend further support to the proposal that cognitive processes mediated by the prefrontal cortex may be impaired by recreational ecstasy use...

..These results represent the first systematic evidence that Salvia is capable of acute modulation of cognition in healthy young adults...

..In recent controlled trials, administration of sage extracts with established cholinergic properties improved cognitive function in young adults...

..23 (95% CI = 0.57 to 2.65) to 2.38 (95% CI = 1.17 to 4.86) to 2.99 (95% CI = 1.45 to 6.17) (P(trend) = .002) as DNA repair capacity decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Deficient DNA repair capacity is associated with increased breast cancer risk...

..These results suggest that the 1,4-naphthoquinone-induced toxicity in rat hepatocytes was inhibited by aloe extract, and that this protective effect was due to the maintenance of cellular thiols, especially protein-SH...