Joanna Schellenberg

..abstract:..

..This study assesses the timing of adult and adolescent pregnant women's first antenatal care visit and identifies factors influencing early and late attendance...

..A simple approach is presented to describe the seasonality of malaria, to aid localized policymaking and targeting of interventions...

..This paper investigates the combined impact of pregnant women's timing of ANC attendance, health workers' IPTp delivery and different delivery schedules of national IPTp guidelines on IPTp coverage...

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..A greater understanding of the relationship between transmission intensity, seasonality and the age-pattern of malaria is needed to guide appropriate targeting of malaria interventions in different epidemiological settings...

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..Potential implications for improving antenatal care provision in Tanzania are discussed...

..We describe the perspectives and experiences of women and health care providers on the use of antenatal and postnatal services...

..Behavioural adaptation by mosquitoes to increasing ITN coverage could allow vector mosquitoes to bite outside of peak sleeping hours and undermine efficacy of this key malaria prevention measure...

..With a view to developing health systems strategies to improve reach to high-risk groups, we present information on health and survival from household and health facility perspectives in five districts of southern Tanzania...

..We sought evidence of inequities in health care by sex and socioeconomic status for young children living in a poor rural area of southern Tanzania...

..This study evaluated the effect of IPTi on child survival in the context of a five-district implementation project in southern Tanzania. [Trial registration: clinical trials.gov NCT00152204]...

..01). IPTi can be implemented on a large scale by existing health service staff, with a measurable population effect on malaria, within 1 year of launch...

..Although efficacy information is available for many interventions, there is a dearth of data on the resources required for scaling up of health interventions...

..Across sub-Saharan Africa, pregnant women attend routine health services around the 20th week of gestation...

..This investigation measured coverage of IPTp at national level in Tanzania and examined the role of individual, facility, and policy level influences on achieved coverage...

..We aimed to investigate yearly changes to identify what might have contributed to this reduction and to investigate the prospects for meeting the Millennium Development Goal for child survival (MDG 4)...

..As a result, test specificity may vary between age groups with different prevalence of P. falciparum infection...

..Intermittent preventive treatment in infants (IPTi) is the administration of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) at 2, 3, and 9 months of age to prevent malaria. We investigated the influence of IPTi on drug resistance...

..To date, there have been limited data on the cost-effectiveness of this strategy using sulfadoxine pyrimethamine (SP) and no published data on cost-effectiveness using other antimalarials...

..The current paper seeks a procedure which avoids the disadvantages of these current options and whose parameter values are more clearly justified...

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..Intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) is a promising intervention for malaria control, although there are concerns about its impact on drug resistance...

..We have, therefore, undertaken a pooled analysis of existing data from multiple sites to enable a comprehensive overview of the age-patterns of malaria outcomes under different epidemiological conditions in sub-Saharan Africa...

..We aimed to identify potential ways to equitably improve overall coverage of the intervention...

..This paper reports on the reception of IPTi during the first implementation study of IPTi in southern Tanzania...

..To develop a decision-support tool to help policy-makers in sub-Saharan Africa assess whether intermittent preventive treatment in infants (IPTi) would be effective for local malaria control...

..The findings suggest a need to promote and facilitate health facility deliveries, hygienic delivery practices for home births, delayed bathing and immediate and exclusive breastfeeding in Southern Tanzania to improve newborn health...

..The concentration of anaemia in infants and problems of access to health services and adequate case management underline the need for targeted preventive strategies for anaemia control...

..This review summarizes the available information on IPTi and presents the consortium's approach to determining whether IPTi might be a valuable additional strategy in programs to control malaria...

..Some neonates are denied colostrum, which is perceived as dirty. Behaviour-change communication efforts are needed to improve early newborn care practices...

..This study combines an understanding of gender issues relating to health and help-seeking behaviour with epidemiological knowledge concerning place of delivery...

..Routine vitamin A supplementation usually starts only at age 9 mo, but high rates of illness and mortality are seen in the first months of life...

..We assessed the effectiveness of facility-based IMCI in rural Tanzania...

..23, 1.71 and OR = 1.58; 95% CI 0.32, 7.88, respectively] suggesting that CBDOT may be a viable alternative to IBDOT. CBDOT may be particularly useful in parts of the country where people live far from health facilities...

..6% vs. SP 29.9%; P = 0.001). The level of R1 resistance to SP may herald a rapid decline in its efficacy as SP drug pressure increases. Coadministration of AQ+SP may delay this...

..Even in low/moderate malaria transmission settings, where older children suffer most malaria episodes, targeting effective malaria control at infants may produce important reductions in infant mortality caused by malaria...

..7% versus 37.3% at 12 months of age). We concluded that iron supplementation between the ages of 2-6 months improves iron status at least up to 12 months of age. Malaria infection does not contribute to iron deficiency...

..06). Compliance was satisfactory in only 39% (82 of 209) of the children in the first week of treatment. Extending the duration of therapy and improving compliance may have health benefits for anemic children in malaria-endemic settings...

..We investigated mechanisms proposed for the action of IPTi and made predictions of the likely impact on morbidity and mortality...

..Understanding the reasons for the discrepant results will help to elucidate the action mechanism of this intervention, which is essential for rational policy formulation...

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..We investigated the role of age in disease incidence and the effects of chemoprophylaxis on clinical immunity development to Plasmodium falciparum during a randomised controlled trial...

..032). These results again show the high heterogeneity of virulence factors among EAEC isolates causing diarrhea in children, and that biofilm may be an important virulence factor, strongly associated with the presence of AggR...

..Information on the role of parasites in this context is limited. Bronchiolitis in infancy has been linked with asthmatic symptoms later in childhood, although the underlying cause of this association is unknown...