J McCambridge

..There are no empirical studies that compare possible alternative methods of debriefing in online studies...

..Some dilemmas posed for the research community are discussed...

..This systematic review seeks to summarise data from studies of the effects of demand characteristics on participant behaviours in non-laboratory settings...

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..In this trial we examine the impact of awareness of study design and allocation on participant drinking behaviour...

..Researchers internationally are looking at the potential of Internet interventions in this area...

..The e-SBINZ study is designed to examine the effectiveness of e-SBI across a range of universities and among Māori and non-Māori students in New Zealand...

..Signed consent is obtained from those in the intervention arm at this point. Both groups are then invited for 3 and 12 month follow ups. The control group will not receive any additional intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN82405938...

..This paper describes the protocol for an evaluation of a training intervention (the Talking Lifestyles Programme) which will enable practitioners to routinely use BCC during consultations for the above four risk behaviours...

..Although important to public policy, there have been no rigorous evidence syntheses of the long-term consequences of late adolescent drinking...

..It is suggested that this is particularly necessary for subjects with such direct policy relevance as the effectiveness of drug education in schools...

..The direct effects of screening on drinking behaviour have not previously been evaluated experimentally. We tested whether screening reduces self-reported hazardous drinking in comparison with a non-screened control group...

..Online experiments were nested within the pilot (study 1, n = 3780) and main trial (study 2, n = 2667) phases of an evaluation of a Web-based intervention for hazardous drinkers: the Down Your Drink randomized controlled trial (DYD-RCT)...

..To test the effectiveness of motivational interviewing (MI) in comparison with drug information and advice in opportunistically securing reductions in drug-related risk among young cannabis users not seeking help...

..A cohort study design was used with double-blind random allocation to lofexidine+naloxone versus lofexidine+placebo. Patients who did not consent to, or who were excluded from randomisation received methadone...

..The behavioral consequences of brief intervention study participation itself warrant further study...

..The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) is under-studied among young drinkers, as are the contributions of individual items to total AUDIT scores, and online performance of the existing briefer versions of this instrument...

..This study aimed to test the effectiveness of adaptation of Motivational Interviewing (MI) for universal prevention purposes, i.e. to prevent initiation of new substance use among non-users, and to reduce risks among existing users...

..No other aspects of fidelity were associated with outcome. Two particular aspects of enhanced fidelity to MI are predictive of subsequent cannabis cessation 3 months after a brief intervention among young cannabis users...

..The study objective was to evaluate the size and nature of effects observed in randomized manipulations of the effects of answering questions on drinking behaviour in brief intervention trials...

..We relate our experiences of estimating and managing information technology (IT) research and intervention costs in an ongoing internet trial in the hope that others will find this information useful...

..The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate evidence from Solomon 4-group studies with behavioural outcomes that baseline research assessments themselves can introduce bias into trials...

..To test whether a single session of motivational interviewing (discussing alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use) would lead successfully to reduction in use of these drugs or in perceptions of drug-related risk and harm among young people...

..Advice is a widely recommended and practised intervention with young drug users. Study of precisely how advice is given and received in any setting has, however, been limited...

..CONCLUSIONS: Evidence of effectiveness for the delivery of MI by youth workers in routine conditions has been identified. However, the extent of benefit is much more modest than previously identified in efficacy studies...

..Total recorded alcohol consumption in Britain doubled between 1960 and 2002, giving rise to a need to examine and assess cirrhosis mortality trends...

..Recruitment, consent, randomization, intervention and follow-up will all be delivered on-line...

..Progress made indicates the importance of ongoing supervision, and for high level skill acquisition to occur requires more intensive support of learning from ongoing practice than was used here...

..To test whether beneficial effects of a single session of Motivational Interviewing (MI) on alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use apparent after 3 months were maintained until 12 months...

..To compare the psychometric performance of a range of existing alcohol measures when data are collected online with young people, and thereby to gain insights into the reliability and validity of this mode of data collection...

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..Further initiatives are needed to influence practitioner motivation, based on improved understanding of GPs' views on the delivery of primary care for drug misusers...

..McCambridge J, Strang J. Development of a structured generic drug intervention model for public health purposes: a brief application of motivational interviewing with young people...

..In a series of regression models that take account of the influence of other factors, age of first use is found to have no relationship to levels of ongoing consumption of cigarettes, alcohol, and cannabis...

..This area warrants more specific study...

..A range of possibilities are identified as alternative approaches to the provision of elective training events which may be more acceptable to the target population of health-care staff...

..To describe and evaluate trends in the use of stimulant drugs over a 5-year period using an under-studied data collection method...

..To describe and assess trends in the use of hallucinogens and other adjunct drugs over a 5-year period...

..Ethnographic and epidemiological study and monitoring of adverse consequences is now needed to fully appreciate reasons for use and the extent of possible harms...

..Interpretations of these data are considered and the need for more detailed study with an area of increasing public policy significance is discussed...

..Substantially more positive attitudes and greater clinical activity were observed following receipt of intervention...

..Implications for the development of effective drug prevention interventions in schools are also examined...

..This pilot study demonstrated that it was feasible to incorporate a psychosocial intervention within a busy outpatient methadone maintenance programme and the findings support the value of undertaking a larger trial...

..To describe the sexual behaviour and related risk of a sample of dance drug users and compare this with data from the UK National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles 2000 survey...

..We set out to explore whether resistance to change among smokers affects practitioner confrontational and other behaviours...