P Mangtani

..However, the feasibility and acceptability of effective school-based hygiene interventions is not clear...

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..Little information exists on the relationship between uptake and need. We assessed factors influencing uptake and equity in uptake in over 74 year olds...

..Both RSV infection and influenza are seasonally related, and it is difficult to disentangle one from the other and to disentangle infection from the season and the cold...

..The study also confirms that self-report of influenza vaccination could be relied upon if rapid knowledge of uptake is required...

..A concern is that individuals who are vaccinated are healthier than individuals who are not vaccinated, potentially biasing estimates of effectiveness upward...

..Little is also known about the views of the more vulnerable older population over the age of 74 years...

..Decisions are often made based on partial information. We examined the policy implications by exploring the potential economic benefit to society and the health sector of pneumococcal vaccination in older adults...

..Most, but not all, observational studies confirm a protective effect against bacteraemia. An effect on mortality in more developed countries has yet to be documented...

..Until more definitive evidence is available, physicians may also need to consider a booster dose for such children irrespective of ART status. In any updating of vaccine schedules, HIV-infected children need particular consideration...

..Cancer mortality has been examined among ethnic South Asian migrants in England and Wales, but not by generation of migration...

..Ethnic origin is a key variable, but it is only recorded for 76% patients overall in the UKRR and there is wide variation in the degree of its completeness between renal centres. Most South Asians have distinctive names...

..49, 95% CI: 0.85, 2.63). These findings reveal differences in breast cancer risk between South Asian ethnic subgroups, which were not fully explained by reproductive differences, but were partly accounted for by diet and body size...

..Despite the diversity of diets, the FFQ had reasonable validity. The role of diet in breast cancer disease aetiology in this population is being assessed with this instrument...

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..South Asians, one of the largest minority ethnic groups in Britain, have distinctive names that also allow differentiation of the main sub-groups with their important differences in health-related exposures and disease risks...

..The present study does not support the hypothesis that differences in phytoestrogen intake, or in circulating levels, could explain differences in hormone-related cancer risks between these two populations...

..46 vs. 0.95 and 0.45, respectively) and daidzein (0.67 vs. 0.83 and 0.45, respectively). This FFQ is thus a relatively valid tool with which to estimate phytoestrogen intake among South Asian women in the UK...

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..This might partly explain the larger outbreaks in the second wave as compared with the first. This potential for change in viral behavior may have consequences for future pandemic mitigation strategies...

..We collected new data from six geographic regions to examine patterns of human contact with poultry among rural farmers in Cambodia and identify populations with the highest potential exposure to H5N1...

..School closure was associated with a 65% reduction in the mean total number of contacts for each student...

..This study investigates whether intake of phyto-oestrogens is associated with breast cancer risk in South Asian women from the Indian subcontinent, whose diet is rich in pulses and vegetables but poor in soyfoods...

..To examine the determinants of vulnerability to winter mortality in elderly British people...

..To estimate the protection against death provided by vaccination against influenza...

..However, the effectiveness of Hib vaccine has been well documented so the need for future VE Hib studies is minimal...

..To describe the prevalence of sexually transmitted infection (STIs) in a sample of women who have sex with women (WSW) and to identify risk factors for the acquisition of STI...

..001). These findings indicate that the higher survival from breast cancer in the first 10 years after diagnosis among South Asian was not due to differences in age at diagnosis, socioeconomic deprivation or disease stage at presentation...

..Many of the analyses to date have involved fitting predictions from a transmission model to the observed epidemic curves from different settings...

..To investigate the association of breastfeeding with all-cause, cardiovascular, and ischaemic heart disease mortality...

..Examining such rates may provide us with insights into future aetiological research possibilities as well as screening and prevention...

..The evidence of excess mortality in two previous influenza pandemics supports vaccinating in any trimester during a pandemic...