M Knapp

..However, a disaggregated model containing individual factors may be preferable...

..This paper describes the protocol for a complex trial that evaluates one-to-one peer support and a group reminiscence programme, both separately and together, in a factorial design...

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..There is no knowledge about the opportunities for using the internet to prevent problems in children at risk. In the current study we will focus on the (cost-) effectiveness of an online health prevention program for COPMI-children...

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..The potential of telehealth and telecare technology to improve care and reduce costs is limited by a lack of rigorous evidence of actual impact...

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..There are potentially substantial personal and social costs arising from these challenges...

..The lifetime cost, after discounting, for someone with ASD and intellectual disability is estimated at approximately pound 1.23 million, and for someone with ASD without intellectual disability is approximately pound 0.80 million...

..The objective of this study was to illustrate the implications of using standardised psychotic relapse definitions by comparing published clinical trial relapse and drop-out rates for patients with schizophrenia...

..Finally, the paper looks at economic barriers to implementation of evidence-based interventions, and the policy levers that might prove influential...

..Decision-makers have to plan a dynamic community-based system to match the needs of people moving from institutions, and must take the long view...

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..Aims of the Study: To quantify the connections between childhood antisocial conduct, attention deficit and anxiety, and some adulthood economic consequences...

..If handled correctly, these treatments have the potential to offer cost savings for many patients, and cost-effectiveness improvements look probable...

..Psychological therapy groups for people with dementia are widely used, but their cost-effectiveness has not been explored...

..Antipsychotic drugs are used in the routine treatment of adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) and challenging behaviour in the UK despite limited evidence of their effectiveness. There is no evidence on their cost-effectiveness...

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..Organised specialist care for stroke improves outcome, but the merits of different methods of organisation are in doubt. This study compares the efficacy of stroke unit with stroke team or domiciliary care...

..The rest of the funding burden is borne by a range of agencies, resulting in pressure on budgets and staff case loads...

..3 percent of the total cost, but a lack of relevant information limited our ability to estimate these costs. Minor improvements in life outcome for people with autism could substantially reduce costs over the lifetime...

..It is no longer recommended that home treatment be tested against inpatient care, or that small, localised studies replicate existing, more highly powered studies...

..To assess the effects and cost-effectiveness of haloperidol, risperidone and placebo on aggressive challenging behaviour in adults with intellectual disability...

..To determine the cost utility of treating schizophrenic patients with olanzapine compared with other antipsychotics in a naturalistic outpatient setting...

..CONCLUSIONS: The higher costs associated with relapse will be of interest to policy-makers who face difficult choices concerning new but more expensive treatments for patients with schizophrenia...

..Amisulpride treatment may lead to a reduction in the cost of treating schizophrenia in comparison with treatment with other antipsychotic medications...

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..However, little is known about their effects on service use and costs, and hence how affordable such interventions are...

..Recognition has grown over recent years of the need for economic information on the impacts of child and adolescent mental health problems and the cost-effectiveness of interventions...

..Despite the wide-ranging financial and social burdens associated with schizophrenia, there have been few cost-of-illness studies of this illness in the UK...

..Further investigation in larger samples is needed to confirm this finding and to explore its generalizability to those with less severe deficits...

..However, few reliable data are available to inform planners, commissioners or service providers about the quality and costs of providing support within residential or village communities...

..Design: Costs applied to data of 10 year old children from the inner London longitudinal study selectively followed up to adulthood...

..DISCUSSION: The methods developed for collecting service use data, calculating unit costs and estimating costs for families were feasible...

..In the light of these two findings we recommend further discussion of the distribution of public funding for research into this disease...

..Wider uptake of evidence-based interventions is likely to lead to considerable economic benefits in the short term, and probably even more in the long term...

..This study aimed to assess patient characteristics, care provision and costs in different types of housing services in England...

..Few studies have examined the impact of QOL, disability and demographic characteristics on treatment costs...

..Several factors are thought to influence resource use and costs in treating schizophrenia...

..CONCLUSION: Compared with no training, caregiver training during rehabilitation of patients reduced costs of care while improving overall quality of life in care givers at one year...

..The onus is on public decision-makers to decide whether the predicted reductions in crime are worth the opportunity costs of investing extra resources in a major expansion of treatment services...

..Results from this small pilot study point to considerable economic burden for parents and give some indication of the associated costs of autistic spectrum disorder...

..Conclusions. The burden of social phobia on individuals, health services and the wider society could be reduced through improved rates of detection and appropriate treatment...

..Overall, however, it is not possible to draw conclusions as to the cost-effectiveness of depot conventional antipsychotic treatment for schizophrenia...

..To explore the extent to which commonly used measures of specific outcomes in dementia are an appropriate proxy for quality of life in dementia...

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..The role and activities to promote mental well-being in the workplace undertaken by both national and international organizations in Europe are outlined along with important gaps and challenges that need to be addressed...

..The economic downturn may, however, also present a specific opportunity for radical innovation within the mental health system...

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..To identify the health and social care services used by young adults aged 18-25 years with acquired brain injury (ABI) and the costs of these supports...

..The Mental Health Economics European Network (MHEEN) was set up in 2002 with the broad objective of developing a base for mental health economics information and subsequent work in 17 countries...

..This study explores how the views of a panel of experts on dementia would affect projected long-term care expenditure for older people with dementia in England in the year 2031...

..Future research should explore the level of agreement between patient report and other providing sector records, such as hospital records...

..These factors include future numbers of older people, prevalence rates of CI, trends in household composition, informal care provision, care service patterns and unit costs...

..However, no study to date has estimated the economic impact of relapse...

..Improving services will cost money, but has the potential to lead to better outcomes for young adults...

..This first attempt to apply spatial panels in investigating health expenditure offers insights and raises new questions...

..g. before, during, or after a change in policy), exploiting the information carried by the panel, rather than that of a single cross-section...

..There are also limited data on the sensitivity of these measures to changes in existing clinical indicators in long-term mental health conditions like schizophrenia...

..The paper concludes that the quality of life and resource consequences of PTSD require a better understanding of the economics of the disorder and the alternative ways to treat it...

..However, empirical work to date has not examined the links between such variability and demand and supply factors, particularly in the spatial domain...

..Although stroke units reduce mortality and institutionalization, their comparative cost-effectiveness is unknown...

..Methodological consistency is required if meaningful conclusions are to be drawn from such comparative data...

..Tax-funded systems provide universal coverage in theory. However, the quality and distribution of publicly financed health care services makes access difficult in practice, particularly for rural poor communities...

..We aimed to measure income-related inequality in the distribution of psychiatric disorders and to compare with inequality in other health domains...

..We propose a research agenda on case management for people with dementia...

..Conclusion: In the STAR study, use of aripiprazole in the management of patients with schizophrenia was cost-effective...

..We assessed the cost-effectiveness of Outreach and Support in South London (OASIS), a service for people with an at-risk mental state (ARMS) for psychosis...

..CONCLUSIONS: North American studies demonstrate greater differences in days in hospital but patients in their experimental services seem to spend no fewer days in hospital, implying a disparity in control services...

..To investigate if repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) was as effective as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in treating major depressive episodes and to perform a cost-effectiveness analysis...

..This study assesses the impact that CBT in addition to mebeverine has on resource use, and its cost-effectiveness...

..Research, clinical practice and disability policy developments need to address a wider range of consequences of the disorder than symptoms alone...

..The impact of later side-effects of prednisolone on long-term costs and quality of life are likely to reduce the cost per QALY of IVIg treatment...

..Such information helps us to understand the health, health care, economic, and policy importance of schizophrenia, and to better interpret and explain the large within- and across-country differences that exist...

..CONCLUSIONS: Computer-delivered CBT has a high probability of being cost-effective, even if a modest value is placed on unit improvements in depression...

..1-626.2, P=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Personality disorders are not independently associated with increased costs. An interaction between personality disorders and common mental disorders significantly predicts increased total costs...

..Parasuicide risk was also significantly greater in those with their first parasuicide episode at an earlier age and in those with a more recent latest episode...

..Despite the burden of depression, there remain few data on its economic consequences in an international context...

..This paper compares service use and costs of difficult-to-place patients from two UK hospitals (Friern and Warley) and identifies predictors of cost. One of these hospitals (Warley) provided a more intensive programme of rehabilitation...

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..2003) indicate superiority of MACT over TAU in terms of cost and effectiveness combined...

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..It is concluded that MACT has value in preventing self-harm cost effectively but this appears to be confined mainly to those who do not have BPD...

..The results suggest that mirtazapine may be a cost-effective treatment choice compared to paroxetine for depression in a primary care setting...

..CONCLUSIONS: The high and enduring long-term costs associated with childhood depression and conduct disorder give further reason for early and effective intervention...

..There is a lack of evidence on the cost-effectiveness of cognitive remediation therapy (CRT)...

..The study also contributes towards a methodology of economically evaluating supported employment programs as well as other interventions for people with high-functioning ASD...

..Cognitive difficulties are prevalent in people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and are associated with poor long-term functioning...

..This paper seeks to provide a methodology to assess the cost-effectiveness of anti-stigma campaigns for people with mental health problems...

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..CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to explain a reasonable amount of variation in adult service costs from factors describing the characteristics of children at the time of receiving care...

..Finally, the paper summarises some key evidence to date on early intervention services and economic evaluations currently being undertaken...

..Patients, their carers, and clinicians deserve to be optimistic in a field which often attracts therapeutic nihilism...

..The direct training and support cost of introducing person-centered planning was $1,202 per participant; indirect costs were negligible...

..To assess the prevalence of mental health problems in children in foster care, their families' use of services and the associated costs...

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..CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive disability is significantly associated with higher costs, but these analyses highlight the need to examine a range of disabilities...

..To estimate the economic costs of dementia in 2002 using an economic evaluation model for dementia care...