Richard Hayes

Summary

Affiliation: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
Country: UK

Publications

  1. ncbi Microbicides Development Programme: design of a phase III trial to measure the efficacy of the vaginal microbicide PRO 2000/5 for HIV prevention
    Andrew Nunn
    MRC Clinical Trials Unit, UK
    Trials 10:99. 2009
  2. ncbi Evaluation of the role of location and distance in recruitment in respondent-driven sampling
    Nicky McCreesh
    Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
    Int J Health Geogr 10:56. 2011
  3. ncbi Evaluation of community level interventions to address social and structural determinants of health: a cluster randomised controlled trial
    Martin Wall
    Institute for Health and Human Development, University of East London, London E15 4LZ, UK
    BMC Public Health 9:207. 2009
  4. ncbi Microbicides development programme: engaging the community in the standard of care debate in a vaginal microbicide trial in Mwanza, Tanzania
    Andrew Vallely
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
    BMC Med Ethics 10:17. 2009
  5. ncbi How informed is consent in vulnerable populations? Experience using a continuous consent process during the MDP301 vaginal microbicide trial in Mwanza, Tanzania
    Andrew Vallely
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
    BMC Med Ethics 11:10. 2010
  6. ncbi Epidemiology. Understanding HIV epidemic trends in Africa
    Richard Hayes
    MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
    Science 311:620-1. 2006
  7. ncbi Universal testing and treatment as an HIV prevention strategy: research questions and methods
    Richard Hayes
    MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
    Curr HIV Res 9:429-45. 2011
  8. ncbi HIV prevention research: taking stock and the way forward
    Richard Hayes
    MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
    AIDS 24:S81-92. 2010
  9. ncbi Treatment of sexually transmitted infections for HIV prevention: end of the road or new beginning?
    Richard Hayes
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
    AIDS 24:S15-26. 2010
  10. ncbi The MEMA kwa Vijana project: design of a community randomised trial of an innovative adolescent sexual health intervention in rural Tanzania
    Richard J Hayes
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
    Contemp Clin Trials 26:430-42. 2005

Detail Information

Publications96

  1. ncbi Microbicides Development Programme: design of a phase III trial to measure the efficacy of the vaginal microbicide PRO 2000/5 for HIV prevention
    Andrew Nunn
    MRC Clinical Trials Unit, UK
    Trials 10:99. 2009
    ..The main objective of the trial is to determine the efficacy and safety of 0.5% and 2% concentrations of PRO 2000/5 gel compared to placebo in preventing vaginally acquired HIV infection...
  2. ncbi Evaluation of the role of location and distance in recruitment in respondent-driven sampling
    Nicky McCreesh
    Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
    Int J Health Geogr 10:56. 2011
    ..The role of the spatial distribution of the target population has not been robustly examined for RDS. We examine patterns of recruitment by location, and how they may have biased an RDS study findings...
  3. ncbi Evaluation of community level interventions to address social and structural determinants of health: a cluster randomised controlled trial
    Martin Wall
    Institute for Health and Human Development, University of East London, London E15 4LZ, UK
    BMC Public Health 9:207. 2009
    ..The interventions focus on healthy eating, healthy physical activity and mental health and wellbeing and are designed and executed with community participation complementing existing facilities and services...
  4. ncbi Microbicides development programme: engaging the community in the standard of care debate in a vaginal microbicide trial in Mwanza, Tanzania
    Andrew Vallely
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
    BMC Med Ethics 10:17. 2009
    ..This paper describes a community-focused approach to develop a locally-appropriate SoC in the context of a phase III vaginal microbicide trial in Mwanza City, northwest Tanzania...
  5. ncbi How informed is consent in vulnerable populations? Experience using a continuous consent process during the MDP301 vaginal microbicide trial in Mwanza, Tanzania
    Andrew Vallely
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
    BMC Med Ethics 11:10. 2010
    ..The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a continuous informed consent process adopted during the MDP301 phase III vaginal microbicide trial in Mwanza, Tanzania...
  6. ncbi Epidemiology. Understanding HIV epidemic trends in Africa
    Richard Hayes
    MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
    Science 311:620-1. 2006
  7. ncbi Universal testing and treatment as an HIV prevention strategy: research questions and methods
    Richard Hayes
    MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
    Curr HIV Res 9:429-45. 2011
    ..If these studies produce promising results, there would be a strong case for a cluster-randomised trial to measure the impact of a UTT intervention on HIV incidence, and we consider the main design features of such a trial...
  8. ncbi HIV prevention research: taking stock and the way forward
    Richard Hayes
    MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
    AIDS 24:S81-92. 2010
    ..In future HIV prevention research, it is important that resources are used as efficiently as possible to provide rigorous evidence of the effectiveness of a wider array of complementary prevention tools...
  9. ncbi Treatment of sexually transmitted infections for HIV prevention: end of the road or new beginning?
    Richard Hayes
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
    AIDS 24:S15-26. 2010
    ..It should be promoted as an essential component of HIV control programs in communities in which the burden of STIs is substantial...
  10. ncbi The MEMA kwa Vijana project: design of a community randomised trial of an innovative adolescent sexual health intervention in rural Tanzania
    Richard J Hayes
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
    Contemp Clin Trials 26:430-42. 2005
    ..This paper describes the rationale and design of a randomised trial of the impact of an innovative sexual health intervention among adolescents in rural Mwanza Region, Tanzania...
  11. ncbi Design and analysis issues in cluster-randomized trials of interventions against infectious diseases
    R J Hayes
    Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
    Stat Methods Med Res 9:95-116. 2000
    ..We conclude by outlining some areas for future research...
  12. ncbi Decline in sexually transmitted infection prevalence and HIV incidence in female barworkers attending prevention and care services in Mbeya Region, Tanzania
    Gabriele Riedner
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
    AIDS 20:609-15. 2006
    ..To assess trends in sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevalence and HIV incidence and associated factors in a cohort of female barworkers exposed to behavioural interventions and STI screening and treatment...
  13. ncbi Risk factors influencing HIV infection incidence in a rural African population: a nested case-control study
    James Todd
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
    J Infect Dis 193:458-66. 2006
    ....
  14. ncbi Possible reasons for an increase in the proportion of genital ulcers due to herpes simplex virus from a cohort of female bar workers in Tanzania
    Gabriele Riedner
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
    Sex Transm Infect 83:91-6. 2007
    ..To determine trends in the prevalence and aetiological distribution of genital ulcer syndrome (GUS) in a cohort of female bar workers and to assess factors associated with these trends...
  15. ncbi Syphilis in pregnancy in Tanzania. II. The effectiveness of antenatal syphilis screening and single-dose benzathine penicillin treatment for the prevention of adverse pregnancy outcomes
    Deborah Watson-Jones
    Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
    J Infect Dis 186:948-57. 2002
    ..4-1.4) or low-titer active syphilis (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.6-1.5), compared with seronegative women. Single-dose treatment is effective in preventing adverse pregnancy outcomes attributable to maternal syphilis...
  16. ncbi Risk factors for HIV incidence in women participating in an HSV suppressive treatment trial in Tanzania
    Deborah Watson-Jones
    Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
    AIDS 23:415-22. 2009
    ..Risk factors for HIV incidence were examined in the context of 3-monthly follow-up visits offering both voluntary counselling and testing and care for sexually transmitted infections...
  17. ncbi Antenatal syphilis screening in sub-Saharan Africa: lessons learned from Tanzania
    Deborah Watson-Jones
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
    Trop Med Int Health 10:934-43. 2005
    ....
  18. ncbi Effect of herpes simplex suppression on incidence of HIV among women in Tanzania
    Deborah Watson-Jones
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London
    N Engl J Med 358:1560-71. 2008
    ..This study tested the hypothesis that HSV-2 suppressive therapy reduces the risk of HIV acquisition...
  19. ncbi Geographical variations in the prevalence of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in rural Tanzania
    Henrica A F M Jansen
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
    Int J STD AIDS 14:274-80. 2003
    ..Differences in transmission dynamics may lead to geographical patterns that vary between STIs...
  20. ncbi Adverse birth outcomes in United Republic of Tanzania--impact and prevention of maternal risk factors
    Deborah Watson Jones
    Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, England
    Bull World Health Organ 85:9-18. 2007
    ..To determine risk factors for poor birth outcome and their population attributable fractions...
  21. ncbi Long-term biological and behavioural impact of an adolescent sexual health intervention in Tanzania: follow-up survey of the community-based MEMA kwa Vijana Trial
    Aoife M Doyle
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
    PLoS Med 7:e1000287. 2010
    ..A further impact evaluation survey in 2007/8 ( approximately 9 years post-intervention) tested this hypothesis...
  22. ncbi Long-term impact of acyclovir suppressive therapy on genital and plasma HIV RNA in Tanzanian women: a randomized controlled trial
    Clare Tanton
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
    J Infect Dis 201:1285-97. 2010
    ..Herpes simplex virus (HSV) suppressive therapy reduces genital and plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA over periods up to 3 months, but the long-term effect is unknown...
  23. ncbi Effect of genital herpes on cervicovaginal HIV shedding in women co-infected with HIV AND HSV-2 in Tanzania
    Jim Todd
    Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
    PLoS ONE 8:e59037. 2013
    ....
  24. ncbi Uptake of voluntary counselling and testing among young people participating in an HIV prevention trial: comparison of opt-out and opt-in strategies
    Kathy Baisley
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
    PLoS ONE 7:e42108. 2012
    ..We compare VCT uptake using two delivery strategies (opt-in and opt-out) within the MEMA kwa Vijana trial in 20 communities in northwest Tanzania...
  25. ncbi Single-dose azithromycin versus penicillin G benzathine for the treatment of early syphilis
    Gabriele Riedner
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London
    N Engl J Med 353:1236-44. 2005
    ..4-MU intramuscular dose of penicillin G benzathine in the prevention and treatment of syphilis. We evaluated the efficacy of treatment with azithromycin in a developing country...
  26. ncbi PRO2000 vaginal gel for prevention of HIV-1 infection (Microbicides Development Programme 301): a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, parallel-group trial
    Sheena McCormack
    MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, UK
    Lancet 376:1329-37. 2010
    ..PRO2000 vaginal gel was efficacious against HIV-1 transmission in studies in macaques; we aimed to assess efficacy and safety of 2% and 0·5% PRO2000 gels against vaginal HIV-1 transmission in women in sub-Saharan Africa...
  27. ncbi The effects of alternative study designs on the power of community randomized trials: evidence from three studies of human immunodeficiency virus prevention in East Africa
    Jim Todd
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
    Int J Epidemiol 32:755-62. 2003
    ..In the design of community randomized trials (CRT), the power of the study is likely to be affected by two issues: the matching or stratification of communities, and the number and size of the communities to be randomized...
  28. ncbi The Regai Dzive Shiri Project: a cluster randomised controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of a multi-component community-based HIV prevention intervention for rural youth in Zimbabwe--study design and baseline results
    Frances M Cowan
    Centre for Sexual Health and HIV Research, University College London, London, UK
    Trop Med Int Health 13:1235-44. 2008
    ....
  29. ncbi Vaginal practices diary: development of a pictorial data collection tool for sensitive behavioral data
    Suzanna C Francis
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
    Sex Transm Dis 39:614-21. 2012
    ..Daily self-administered diaries may help to decrease bias associated with FTFI. IVP data from a diary and FTFI were compared during a multisite microbicide feasibility study in Tanzania and Uganda...
  30. ncbi Human papillomavirus vaccination in Tanzanian schoolgirls: cluster-randomized trial comparing 2 vaccine-delivery strategies
    Deborah Watson-Jones
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
    J Infect Dis 206:678-86. 2012
    ..We compared vaccine coverage achieved by 2 different delivery strategies for the quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in Tanzanian schoolgirls...
  31. ncbi Syphilis in pregnancy in Tanzania. I. Impact of maternal syphilis on outcome of pregnancy
    Deborah Watson-Jones
    Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
    J Infect Dis 186:940-7. 2002
    ..Syphilis continues to be a major cause of pregnancy loss and adverse pregnancy outcome among women who do not receive antenatal syphilis screening and treatment...
  32. ncbi Restricted randomization of ZAMSTAR: a 2 x 2 factorial cluster randomized trial
    Charalambos Sismanidis
    Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
    Clin Trials 5:316-27. 2008
    ..Variance reduction that can be achieved through stratification and blocking is limited. Restricted randomization is an alternative approach that ensures balanced allocation...
  33. ncbi Low specificity of the Murex fourth-generation HIV enzyme immunoassay in Tanzanian adolescents
    Dean B Everett
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
    Trop Med Int Health 12:1323-6. 2007
    ..To determine the specificity of the Abbott Murex HIV antigen/antibody combination enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the diagnosis of HIV infection in Tanzania...
  34. ncbi Understanding the differences between contrasting HIV epidemics in east and west Africa: results from a simulation model of the Four Cities Study
    Kate K Orroth
    Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
    Sex Transm Infect 83:i5-16. 2007
    ....
  35. ncbi Incidence of HIV infection in stable sexual partnerships: a retrospective cohort study of 1802 couples in Mwanza Region, Tanzania
    Stephane Hugonnet
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
    J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 30:73-80. 2002
    ..To describe the dynamics of HIV transmission in stable sexual partnerships in rural Tanzania...
  36. ncbi Measures of between-cluster variability in cluster randomized trials with binary outcomes
    Andrew Thomson
    Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, U K
    Stat Med 28:1739-51. 2009
    ..We assess implications for sample size estimation and present a simple solution to the problems outlined...
  37. ncbi Field evaluation of diagnostic accuracy of an oral fluid rapid test for HIV, tested at point-of-service sites in rural Zimbabwe
    Sophie J S Pascoe
    Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
    AIDS Patient Care STDS 23:571-6. 2009
    ..The results showed the assay to be 100% accurate in determining HIV status, performed well in field settings, and can be considered suitable for use in epidemiologic surveys aiming to estimate HIV prevalence in general populations...
  38. ncbi Are women who work in bars, guesthouses and similar facilities a suitable study population for vaginal microbicide trials in Africa?
    Andrew Vallely
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
    PLoS ONE 5:e10661. 2010
    ..A feasibility study was conducted to investigate whether an occupational at-risk cohort of women in Mwanza, Tanzania are a suitable study population for future phase III vaginal microbicide trials...
  39. ncbi Human papillomavirus infection and increased risk of HIV acquisition. A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Catherine F Houlihan
    Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
    AIDS 26:2211-22. 2012
    ..We systematically reviewed the evidence for an association of HPV infection with HIV acquisition in women, heterosexual men and men who have sex with men (MSM)...
  40. ncbi The benefits of participatory methodologies to develop effective community dialogue in the context of a microbicide trial feasibility study in Mwanza, Tanzania
    Andrew Vallely
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
    BMC Public Health 7:133. 2007
    ....
  41. ncbi Herpes simplex virus type 2 infection increases HIV incidence: a prospective study in rural Tanzania
    María del Mar Pujades Rodríguez
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
    AIDS 16:451-62. 2002
    ..To quantify the association between prevalent or incident Herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV2) infection and the incidence of HIV seroconversion among adults in the general population in rural Tanzania...
  42. ncbi Apples and oranges? Interpreting success in HIV prevention trials
    Lori L Heise
    Social and Mathematical Epidemiology Group, Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, WC1H 9SH London, UK
    Contraception 83:10-5. 2011
    ....
  43. ncbi Herpes simplex virus 2 infection increases HIV acquisition in men and women: systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies
    Esther E Freeman
    Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
    AIDS 20:73-83. 2006
    ..To estimate the sex-specific effect of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) on the acquisition of HIV infection...
  44. ncbi Stable incidence rates of tuberculosis (TB) among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative South African gold miners during a decade of epidemic HIV-associated TB
    Elizabeth L Corbett
    Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
    J Infect Dis 188:1156-63. 2003
    ..94, for 1995-1997, 0.96, for 1998-1999, and 1.05, for 1999-2000. Preventing a secondary epidemic of TB among HIV-negative individuals may be achievable with conventional means, even in settings with a high burden of HIV-associated TB...
  45. ncbi Natural history of Mycoplasma genitalium Infection in a Cohort of Female Sex Workers in Kampala, Uganda
    Judith Vandepitte
    From the MRC UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom STI Reference Centre, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa Prince Leopold Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium and University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
    Sex Transm Dis 40:422-7. 2013
    ..There have been few studies of the natural history of Mycoplasma genitalium in women. We investigated patterns of clearance and recurrence of untreated M. genitalium infection in a cohort of female sex workers in Uganda...
  46. ncbi Association between HIV and subpreputial penile wetness in uncircumcised men in South Africa
    Nigel O'Farrell
    Pasteur Suite, Ealing Hospital, and Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
    J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 43:69-77. 2006
    ..To describe the prevalence and characteristics of subpreputial penile wetness and to investigate the association between current levels of penile wetness and HIV infection...
  47. ncbi The role of the natural epidemic dynamics and migration in explaining the course of the HIV epidemic in rural Uganda: a modelling study
    Leigh A Shafer
    Medical Research Council Unit on AIDS Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
    Int J Epidemiol 40:397-404. 2011
    ..We simultaneously fit a mathematical model to the contrasting prevalence trends by age/gender in a southwest Ugandan cohort, which has never been done before...
  48. ncbi Epidemiology of tuberculosis in a high HIV prevalence population provided with enhanced diagnosis of symptomatic disease
    Elizabeth L Corbett
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
    PLoS Med 4:e22. 2007
    ..We investigated the epidemiology of prevalent and incident TB in a high HIV prevalence population provided with enhanced primary health care...
  49. ncbi Impact of acyclovir on genital and plasma HIV-1 RNA, genital herpes simplex virus type 2 DNA, and ulcer healing among HIV-1-infected African women with herpes ulcers: a randomized placebo-controlled trial
    Philippe Mayaud
    Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
    J Infect Dis 200:216-26. 2009
    ..Little is known about the impact of episodic treatment of herpes on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)...
  50. ncbi Farming with your hoe in a sack: condom attitudes, access, and use in rural Tanzania
    Mary L Plummer
    Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
    Stud Fam Plann 37:29-40. 2006
    ..If possible, surveys should assess the validity of reported condom use through comparison with other data, including qualitative findings and distribution/sales records...
  51. ncbi Association of genital shedding of herpes simplex virus type 2 and HIV-1 among sex workers in rural Zimbabwe
    Frances F Cowan
    Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK
    AIDS 20:261-7. 2006
    ..Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) facilitates sexual acquisition of HIV-1 but data on transmission are less clear. In this study the interaction between genital shedding of HIV-1 and HSV-2 was explored among Zimbabwean sex workers...
  52. ncbi Measurement and predictors of adherence in a trial of HSV suppressive therapy in Tanzania
    Deborah Watson-Jones
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
    Contemp Clin Trials 30:504-12. 2009
    ..Use of biomarkers may alert investigators to adherence problems...
  53. ncbi Can population differences explain the contrasting results of the Mwanza, Rakai, and Masaka HIV/sexually transmitted disease intervention trials?: A modeling study
    Richard G White
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
    J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 37:1500-13. 2004
    ....
  54. ncbi Effect of routine isoniazid preventive therapy on tuberculosis incidence among HIV-infected men in South Africa: a novel randomized incremental recruitment study
    Alison D Grant
    Clinical Research Unit, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England
    JAMA 293:2719-25. 2005
    ....
  55. ncbi Comparison of sexual behavior data collected using a coital diary and a clinic-based interview during a microbicide pilot study in Mwanza, Tanzania
    Shelley Lees
    Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania
    Sex Transm Dis 37:497-501. 2010
    ..The performance of coital diaries (CDs) and clinic-based interviews to measure sexual behavior was compared during a pilot study for a Phase III microbicide trial...
  56. ncbi Human immunodeficiency virus and the prevalence of undiagnosed tuberculosis in African gold miners
    Elizabeth L Corbett
    Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
    Am J Respir Crit Care Med 170:673-9. 2004
    ..The difference in mean duration of smear positivity was particularly marked and, if generalizable, will have major implications for TB control prospects in high HIV prevalence areas...
  57. ncbi Asking semi-literate adolescents about sexual behaviour: the validity of assisted self-completion questionnaire (ASCQ) data in rural Tanzania
    Mary L Plummer
    Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
    Trop Med Int Health 9:737-54. 2004
    ..To develop and test a sexual behaviour survey method for semi-literate populations, combining the privacy of a self-completion questionnaire (SCQ) with the clarity of a face-to-face questionnaire (FFQ)...
  58. ncbi Empirical observations underestimate the proportion of human immunodeficiency virus infections attributable to sexually transmitted diseases in the Mwanza and Rakai sexually transmitted disease treatment trials: Simulation results
    Kate K Orroth
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
    Sex Transm Dis 33:536-44. 2006
    ..Empirical PAF estimates from the Mwanza and Rakai trials indicated the proportion of HIV infections attributable to STDs was higher in Mwanza than Rakai...
  59. ncbi Higher risk behaviour and rates of sexually transmitted diseases in Mwanza compared to Uganda may help explain HIV prevention trial outcomes
    Kate K Orroth
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
    AIDS 17:2653-60. 2003
    ....
  60. ncbi A qualitative study of participant adherence in a randomized controlled trial of herpes suppressive therapy for HIV prevention in Tanzania
    Mary L Plummer
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
    AIDS Care 22:499-508. 2010
    ..Methodological research is also needed to improve adherence measures...
  61. ncbi HIV-1/AIDS and the control of other infectious diseases in Africa
    Elizabeth L Corbett
    Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
    Lancet 359:2177-87. 2002
    ..In addition to enhancing access to HIV-1 prevention and care, public health surveillance and control programmes should be greatly intensified to cope with the new realities of infectious disease control in Africa...
  62. ncbi From trial intervention to scale-up: costs of an adolescent sexual health program in Mwanza, Tanzania
    Fern Terris-Prestholt
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
    Sex Transm Dis 33:S133-9. 2006
    ....
  63. ncbi Heterosexual risk of HIV-1 infection per sexual act: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
    Marie Claude Boily
    Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
    Lancet Infect Dis 9:118-29. 2009
    ..Efforts are needed to better understand these differences and to quantify infectivity in low-income countries...
  64. ncbi Risk factors for herpes simplex virus type 2 and HIV among women at high risk in northwestern Tanzania: preparing for an HSV-2 intervention trial
    Deborah Watson-Jones
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England
    J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 46:631-42. 2007
    ..To determine prevalence of and risk factors for herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and HIV among women being screened for a randomized, controlled trial of HSV suppressive therapy in northwestern Tanzania...
  65. ncbi Microbicides development program, Tanzania-baseline characteristics of an occupational cohort and reattendance at 3 months
    Andrew Vallely
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London, United Kingdom
    Sex Transm Dis 34:638-43. 2007
    ..To determine baseline characteristics of an occupational cohort of women in Mwanza City, Tanzania, and factors associated with reattendance at 3 months, in preparation for a microbicide trial...
  66. ncbi Biological and behavioural impact of an adolescent sexual health intervention in Tanzania: a community-randomized trial
    David A Ross
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
    AIDS 21:1943-55. 2007
    ..The impact of a multicomponent intervention programme on the sexual health of adolescents was assessed in rural Tanzania...
  67. ncbi Circumcision among adolescent boys in rural northwestern Tanzania
    Helen A Weiss
    Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
    Trop Med Int Health 13:1054-61. 2008
    ..Modelling the impact of circumcision on HIV transmission, and planning service expansion, relies on self-reported circumcision status. We investigated the validity of self-reported status...
  68. ncbi Treating curable sexually transmitted infections to prevent HIV in Africa: still an effective control strategy?
    Richard G White
    Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
    J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 47:346-53. 2008
    ..We explore whether treating curable STIs remains a cost-effective HIV control strategy in Africa...
  69. ncbi Quantifying HIV-1 transmission due to contaminated injections
    Richard G White
    Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:9794-9. 2007
    ..This result is likely to be generalizable to many other populations in sub-Saharan Africa...
  70. ncbi Male circumcision for HIV prevention in sub-Saharan Africa: who, what and when?
    Richard G White
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
    AIDS 22:1841-50. 2008
    ..We explore how the population-level impact of circumcision varies by target age group, coverage, time-to-scale-up, level of risk compensation and circumcision of HIV infected men...
  71. ncbi Uptake of workplace HIV counselling and testing: a cluster-randomised trial in Zimbabwe
    Elizabeth L Corbett
    Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
    PLoS Med 3:e238. 2006
    ..HIV counselling and testing is a key component of both HIV care and HIV prevention, but uptake is currently low. We investigated the impact of rapid HIV testing at the workplace on uptake of voluntary counselling and testing (VCT)...
  72. ncbi Population-level effect of potential HSV2 prophylactic vaccines on HIV incidence in sub-Saharan Africa
    Esther E Freeman
    Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
    Vaccine 27:940-6. 2009
    ..Over 20 years, in most scenarios fewer than 100 vaccinations were required to avert one HIV infection. HSV2 vaccines could have a substantial impact on HIV incidence. Intensified efforts are needed to develop an effective HSV2 vaccine...
  73. ncbi 'The man who believed he had AIDS was cured': AIDS and sexually-transmitted infection treatment-seeking behaviour in rural Mwanza, Tanzania
    Mary L Plummer
    Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
    AIDS Care 18:460-6. 2006
    ..Some THs claimed to cure witchcraft-induced, AIDS-like illnesses. There is an urgent need for improved biomedical services, and TH interventions could be important in future HIV/AIDS education and care...
  74. ncbi Polygyny and symmetric concurrency: comparing long-duration sexually transmitted infection prevalence using simulated sexual networks
    Shalini Santhakumaran
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
    Sex Transm Infect 86:553-8. 2010
    ....
  75. ncbi Alcohol use, mycoplasma genitalium, and other STIs associated With HIV incidence among women at high risk in Kampala, Uganda
    Judith Vandepitte
    MRC UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda
    J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 62:119-26. 2013
    ..In 2008, the first clinic for women involved in high-risk sexual behavior was established in Kampala, offering targeted HIV prevention. This article describes rates, determinants, and trends of HIV incidence over 3 years...
  76. ncbi Clinical characteristics associated with Mycoplasma genitalium infection among women at high risk of HIV and other STI in Uganda
    Judith Vandepitte
    MRC UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda
    Sex Transm Dis 39:487-91. 2012
    ..The aim of this study was to describe symptoms and signs associated with M. genitalium infection among high-risk women in Uganda...
  77. ncbi Methods for the analysis of incidence rates in cluster randomized trials
    Steve Bennett
    MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, UK
    Int J Epidemiol 31:839-46. 2002
    ..Both the unadjusted analysis and the analysis adjusting for confounders are shown to be robust, even for very small numbers of clusters, in situations that are likely to arise in randomized trials...
  78. ncbi Uptake of home-based voluntary HIV testing in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Kalpana Sabapathy
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
    PLoS Med 9:e1001351. 2012
    ..Improving access to HIV testing is a key priority in scaling up HIV treatment and prevention services. Home-based voluntary counselling and testing (HBT) as an approach to delivering wide-scale HIV testing is explored here...
  79. ncbi HIV incidence during a cluster-randomized trial of two strategies providing voluntary counselling and testing at the workplace, Zimbabwe
    Elizabeth L Corbett
    Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
    AIDS 21:483-9. 2007
    ..Counselling may promote beneficial behavioural change, although knowledge of negative status does not appear to contribute further benefit...
  80. ncbi Does tuberculosis increase HIV load?
    John H Day
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
    J Infect Dis 190:1677-84. 2004
    ..The effect that tuberculosis (TB) has on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression is not clearly understood...
  81. ncbi The appropriateness of core group interventions using presumptive periodic treatment among rural Zimbabwean women who exchange sex for gifts or money
    Frances M Cowan
    Department of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK
    J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 38:202-7. 2005
    ..The prevalence of bacterial STIs was low, suggesting that PPT may not be an appropriate intervention in this setting. Rapid reinfection after PPT suggests that this needs to be given at monthly intervals to reduce prevalence of STIs...
  82. ncbi Morbidity and mortality in South African gold miners: impact of untreated disease due to human immunodeficiency virus
    Elizabeth L Corbett
    Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
    Clin Infect Dis 34:1251-8. 2002
    ..A broad range of infectious conditions is significantly associated with HIV infection in South African miners. Identification and implementation of effective prophylactic regimens are urgently needed...
  83. ncbi School based HIV prevention in Zimbabwe: feasibility and acceptability of evaluation trials using biological outcomes
    Frances M Cowan
    Department of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK
    AIDS 16:1673-8. 2002
    ..However, self-reported behavioural outcomes will probably be biased, emphasizing the importance of using externally validated biological outcome measures to determine effectiveness...
  84. ncbi Suitability of simple human immunodeficiency virus rapid tests in clinical trials in community-based clinic settings
    Dean B Everett
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
    J Clin Microbiol 47:1058-62. 2009
    ..9 to 100%), and 100% for the parallel SR (95% CI, 99.4 to 100%). SR tests are suitable for use in community-based clinical research settings to assess eligibility both for trial participation and for the provision of on-site VCT services...
  85. ncbi Comparison of two active case-finding strategies for community-based diagnosis of symptomatic smear-positive tuberculosis and control of infectious tuberculosis in Harare, Zimbabwe (DETECTB): a cluster-randomised trial
    Elizabeth L Corbett
    Clinical Research Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
    Lancet 376:1244-53. 2010
    ..We tested two active case-finding strategies to target long periods of infectiousness before diagnosis, which is typical of HIV-negative tuberculosis and is a key driver of transmission...
  86. ncbi Association of schistosomiasis with false-positive HIV test results in an African adolescent population
    Dean B Everett
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
    J Clin Microbiol 48:1570-7. 2010
    ..In Africa, endemic infections may affect the specificities of immunoassays for HIV infection. Caution should be used when the results of 4th-generation HIV test results are interpreted for African adolescent populations...
  87. ncbi How important are unsafe medical injections in the spread of HIV in Africa?
    Richard J Hayes
    Sex Transm Dis 33:135-6. 2006
  88. ncbi Is sexual contact with sex workers important in driving the HIV epidemic among men in rural Zimbabwe?
    Frances M Cowan
    Department of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom
    J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 40:371-6. 2005
    ....
  89. ncbi Cervicovaginal HIV-1 and herpes simplex virus type 2 shedding during genital ulcer disease episodes
    Jerome Legoff
    Université Paris Descartes Equipe Immunité et Biothérapie Muqueuse, Unité INSERM Internationale U743 Immunologie Humaine, Centre de Recherches Biomedicales des Cordeliers, 15 rue de l Ecole de Medecine, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
    AIDS 21:1569-78. 2007
    ..To investigate correlates of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) DNA and HIV-1 RNA among women with genital ulcer disease (GUD)...
  90. ncbi Overview of effective and promising interventions to prevent HIV infection
    Judith D Auerbach
    The Foundation for AIDS Research amfAR, 1150 17th Street NW, Washington, DC 20036, USA
    World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 938:43-78; discussion 317-41. 2006
    ..To review the evidence for the effectiveness of a variety of approaches to preventing HIV infection...
  91. ncbi Validity of coital diaries in a feasibility study for the Microbicides Development Programme trial among women at high risk of HIV/AIDS in Mwanza, Tanzania
    Caroline F Allen
    Medical Research Council Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
    Sex Transm Infect 83:490-6; discussion 496-7. 2007
    ..To compare coital diaries and face-to-face interviews (FFIs) in measuring sexual behaviour among women at high risk of HIV. To assess the effect of differing levels of support from researchers on reporting in coital diaries and FFIs...
  92. ncbi Efficacy of secondary isoniazid preventive therapy among HIV-infected Southern Africans: time to change policy?
    Gavin J Churchyard
    Aurum Health Research, Welkom, South Africa
    AIDS 17:2063-70. 2003
    ..To determine the efficacy of secondary preventive therapy against tuberculosis (TB) among gold miners working in South Africa...
  93. ncbi Male circumcision for HIV prevention: from evidence to action?
    Helen A Weiss
    AIDS 22:567-74. 2008
  94. ncbi Amplified HIV transmission during early-stage infection
    Richard J Hayes
    J Infect Dis 193:604-5; author reply 605-6. 2006
  95. ncbi Transmission of HIV-1 infection in sub-Saharan Africa and effect of elimination of unsafe injections
    George P Schmid
    WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
    Lancet 363:482-8. 2004
    ..Increased efforts are needed to reduce sexual transmission of HIV-1...
  96. ncbi Performance of commercially available enzyme immunoassays for detection of antibodies against herpes simplex virus type 2 in African populations
    Eddy van Dyck
    Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium
    J Clin Microbiol 42:2961-5. 2004
    ..7%; specificity, 92.6%) tests. It cannot be assumed that enzyme immunoassays for the detection of HSV-2 infection that perform well in industrialized countries will perform equally well in other populations...