John G Cleland

..International reproductive health actors, however, have taken little account of political, financial and managerial constraints to implementation in low-income countries...

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..Successful implementation of the package therefore requires in-depth knowledge of the local context and tailored behaviour change communication...

..AIDS control programmes need to be based on monitoring of not only trends in infections but also of trends in those behaviours that underlie epidemic curtailment or further spread...

..The barriers to condom adoption by married couples may not be as severe as is often assumed...

..Focusing on young single African women, we aimed to assess trends in a set of behaviours-sexual abstinence, contraceptive use, and condom use-that are known to affect the rates of HIV transmission...

..What is currently missing is political willingness to incorporate family planning into the development arena...

..To review progress towards adoption of contraception among married or cohabiting women in western and eastern Africa between 1991 and 2004 by examining subjective need, approval, access and use...

..To ascertain the contribution of contraceptive failure to unintended births and fetal loss in developing countries...

..Despite its broader focus, there remain opportunities for sexual health research to expand its remit. Studies to date may have focused too narrowly on pathological, to the neglect of health enhancing, consequences of sexual behaviour...

..More careful consideration of implementation is required at earlier stages of policy design. Increased consultation with those who are to implement and provide integrated services is recommended...

..To assess sexual risk behaviour and prevalence of treatable sexually transmitted infections (STI) in migrant male workers in Lahore, Pakistan...

..Resistance to condoms within marital and cohabiting partnerships is not immutable, however, and women may not be as powerless to protect themselves as is often reported...

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..Condoms have become the most commonly used contraceptive method among students, and this trend should be reinforced...

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..Though contraceptive failure and induced abortion in China have both attracted research attention, the somewhat broader topic of unintended pregnancy has been neglected...

..The purpose of this paper is to examine the relative influence of husband and wife on contraceptive practice...

..To assess the contraceptive effectiveness of condoms versus oral contraceptive pills and estimate the reproductive consequences of a major shift from pill to condom use...

..While training defects can be remedied, the time constraints posed by heavy patient loads are less tractable. More skillful use of booking clerks or the introduction of lay counsellors are also possible solutions...

..Contraceptive uptake, particularly of condoms, is increasing but not sufficiently to offset the decline in virginity...

..Condom use by these couples is generally low, with resistance from men and cultural norms commonly cited as barriers to increased use...

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..The results suggest the need for advocacy and a range of factory-based interventions...

..Birth order of the child, with which wantedness is inextricably linked, has more powerful and pervasive effects, with first-born and second-born children being much less likely to show adverse effects...

..1-3.8). CONCLUSION: In Brazil, religious affiliation and region of residence exert a major influence on risk behavior...

..In both countries, sharp declines occurred in the proportion of premaritally conceived births that were reported as being wanted...