A S Wierzbicki

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..Fenofibrate is a reasonable second-line therapy for dyslipidaemia in diabetes and safe in combination therapy. Its benefits on microvascular disease and in combination therapy require further confirmation...

..To investigate the relationship of creatinine and calculated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) with coronary arterial disease (CAD) in Pakistani patients...

..Erectile dysfunction is related to penile arterial endothelial nitric oxide production. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and E-selectin are often considered plasma markers of endothelial function...

..To assess the relation of the metabolic insulin resistance syndrome (M-IRS) with coronary heart disease (CHD) in Pakistani patients...

..Alipogene tiparvovec is the first possibly curative treatment for LPL deficiency...

..To determine the utility of secondary stratification measures to improve the ascertainment of index cases of familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH)...

..This article reviews the mechanisms leading to the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and the effects of hypoglycaemic and lipid-lowering therapies on NAFLD/NASH...

..Large scale meta-analyses ideally of pooled primary patient data will be required to determine the best additional markers to add to conventional risk prediction and in what groups to apply them...

..To discuss the relevance of triglycerides to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk...

..EXPERT OPINION: PCSK-9 inhibition is a potentially interesting novel addition to the armamentarium of LDL-C reducing drugs. Its effects in reducing LDL-C will need to be confirmed to reduce CVD events in large-scale clinical trials...

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..Lipid-lowering drugs are likely to prove a fast-developing area for novel treatments as possible synergies exist between new and established compounds for the treatment of atherosclerosis...

..Thus rimonabant has major effects on both the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk factors thus has the potential to reduce the risks of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease associated with the cardiometabolic phenotype...

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..It is likely that the management of significant carotid stenosis will become ever more drug focused and will be customized to the lipid profile of each patient with intervention reserved only for late-stage symptomatic disease...

..In conclusion, fibrate + statin therapy remains an option in high-risk patents. However, long-term studies involving safety monitoring and vascular endpoints are required to demonstrate the efficacy of this regimen...

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..omega-Oxidation forms a functional reserve capacity that enables patients with ARD undergoing acute stress to cope with limited increases in plasma PA levels...

..Data from ongoing clinical trials are awaited to clarify this issue...

..Metabolic syndrome (M-IRS) is common in Asians. This study investigated the relationship of two definitions of M-IRS to atherosclerosis in Indian Asians with suspected coronary arterial disease (CAD)...

..Lipid-lowering drugs are likely to prove a fast-developing area for novel treatments, as possible synergies exist between new and established compounds for the treatment of atherosclerosis...

..Any new drugs will also have to be assessed in clinical end-point trials against current compounds with proven outcome benefits...

..The available clinical evidence suggests that addition of nicotinic acid to primary lipid-lowering therapy has an important atheroprotective role in patients with or at risk of developing CHD...

..To investigate the efficacy of the cholesterol absorption inhibitor ezetimibe in patients with refractory familial hyperlipidaemia or intolerant to statin therapy...

..Combined hyperlipidemia is likely to become an increasing problem with the increase in the prevalence of obesity and diabetes mellitus and needs aggressive management to reduce cardiovascular risk...

..Lipid-altering drugs are likely to prove a fast-developing area for novel treatments, as possible synergies exist between new and established compounds for the treatment of atherosclerosis...

..The stronger relationship of endothelial dysfunction with PROCAM risk reflects the contribution of male sex, LDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerols to risk calculated by this algorithm...

..To determine the relationship between insulin resistance (IR) and atheroma burden in Pakistanis...

..Other end point trials are in progress...

..The role of lipid-lowering drugs in the management of both the acute and chronic sequelae of lupus needs to be explored...

..We conclude that VLDL triglyceride is strongly correlated with SLC maximal velocity and activity in patients with type V hyperlipidemia...

..Plasma homocysteine and the methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism have been suggested as being risk factors for cardiovascular disease...

..Triglyceride reduction was only dependent on HDL:apolipoprotein A1, change in apolipoprotein B, and dose response, whereas an increase in HDL was dependent on initial LDL, change in LDL or dose response, and therapy with simvastatin...

..01). Cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations rather than insulin resistance seem to be the key features affecting the environmental alteration of sodium lithium countertransporter Vmax in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia...

..This suggests that Refsum's disease, in common with other peroxisomal 'diseases', may be more accurately described as a heterogeneous syndrome...

..To compare nine different algorithms for determining the necessity for drug treatment of hyperlipidaemia in patients without cardiovascular disease...

..Results are awaited from the ongoing Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes trial to fully evaluate the outcome benefits of this combination strategy...

..Both histological and epidemiological studies have suggested that the process of valve degeneration may resemble atherosclerosis. This review investigates the potential role of lipid-lowering therapy in its management...

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..New data have emerged over the last few years about the role of fibrates in treatment of microvascular and macrovascular disease...

..Continuing attempts to utilise this clinical target (to decrease cholesterol, triglycerides and weight) have involved the use of lower doses or non systemically absorbed MTP inhibitors...

..At present, the most important need is for trials to be performed in children using accepted surrogate endpoints to define whether lipid-lowering drug therapy is beneficial in this group...

..New data have emerged over the last few years about the role of fibrates in treatment of microvascular and macrovascular disease...

..The presence of apolipoprotein (apo) E variants is associated with hypertriglyceridemia. This study investigated the relationship between apoE phenotype and SLC kinetics...

..To investigate the long-term efficacy of fibrate-statin combination therapy on cardiovascular events as opposed to lipid levels...

..To investigate the research productivity of all staff in chemical pathology...

..Clinical development programs will need to establish those patients most likely to benefit from inhibition of SGLT2...

..New lipid-modifying drugs with beneficial effects on both HDL-C and LDL-C levels would be desirable additions to the currently available therapeutic options...

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..Refsum's disease is characterized by progressive neurological dysfunction and accumulation of phytanic acid, an isoprenoid fatty acid, in fat-containing tissues...

..This issue needs further study in randomized controlled trials...

..06) and increased to 3.10 (95% CI, 1.20 to 7.52; P=0.04) after adjustment for other risk factors. The AG2R A1166C polymorphism may interact with severe hypercholesterolemia and other risk factors to increase risk of CHD in FH patients...

..Improved cardiovascular risk factor control is likely to increase the efficacy of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor therapy in the treatment of erectile dysfunction...

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..This study suggests ED following statin therapy is more likely in patients with severe endothelial dysfunction due to established cardiovascular risk factors including age, smoking and diabetes...

..These ratios of apolipoprotein particles may play a significant role in determining the rate of phytanic acid elimination in patients with Refsum disease...

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..Hyperfibrinogenemia was associated with atorvastatin, baseline fibrinogen, and initial concentration and change in concentration of apolipoprotein B or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol...

..029). Our data suggest a link between imbalances in bone turnover and arterial stiffness in pre-dialysis CKD. Longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate the clinical usefulness of these bone turnover markers as predictors of CVD in CKD...

..The aim of this study is to determine the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk profile of a large UK HIV cohort and how highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) affects this...

..One late case of rhabdomyolysis was observed, suggesting patients on the 120 mg dose require continued regular review...

..Combination therapy with low frequency (weekly) fibrate administration and daily statin treatment may provide a means to control the severe hypertriglyceridaemia of patients with renal disease...

..The available evidence for ezetimibe is reviewed. The role of ezetimibe in increasing the proportion of patients attaining LDL-C treatment goals is discussed...

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..ED is associated with a high incidence of occult cardiovascular disease. We suggest that cardiologists can significantly contribute to the management of ED...

..At higher doses, simvastatin increased HDL-C and Apo A-I significantly more than atorvastatin. These data indicate that statins may not be identical in all their clinical properties relevant to reducing the risks of atherosclerosis...

..Thus sialic acid may be a superior marker to CRP for assessment of chronic inflammation in patients undergoing dialysis...

..Phytanic acid screening should be performed in any patient manifesting these two signs...

..Secretion and clearance of VLDL apolipoprotein B100 (apoB) are important determinants of plasma lipid concentrations and are known to be influenced by hormones, including insulin and growth hormone...

..The relative importance of the lipid- and non-lipid-related effects of the statins in the clinical situation remains the subject of much continuing research...

..Further work is needed to determine whether similar results will be obtained in populations with little previous awareness of their risks...

..Primary prevention is dependent on identification and treatment of patients at high risk of which patients with diabetes are the clearest example. This article reviews the role of lipid lowering in high-risk individuals...

..To provide an update of the literature describing the link between lipoprotein a and vascular disease...

..The measurement of sialic acid as a risk factor may be superior to that of CRP in this group as its concentration is independent of renal function...

..This may contribute to the lower NO bioavailability and higher incidence of cardiovascular disease seen in black Africans...

..These case reports illustrate that haematological and solid organ malignancies and autoimmunity may be relevant as exacerbating factors in the presentation of severe type IV or V hypertriglyceridaemia...

..To evaluate the long-term effectiveness of dietary therapy with regular dietetic reinforcement for adult Refsum disease...

..012). Subjects with the CC genotype had significantly lower BMD (mean +/- SD: TT, 0.7 +/- 0.16; CC, 0.6 +/- 0.08 g/cm(2); P = 0.006). In conclusion, both CYP 17 and CYP 19 are candidate genes for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women...

..As life expectancy has improved, the chronic complications of HIV and HAART have become increasingly relevant...

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..017 and C(936)T: p=0.05. Circulating VEGF may be influenced by genetic, environmental and endocrine factors. Polymorphic variants in the VEGF gene are associated with spine BMD. Further larger studies are needed...

..This work was presented as part of the Cardiovascular Bioscience focused topic at the Life Sciences 2007 conference, and this mini-symposium was dedicated to Dr Gibberd and his important contributions to this field...

..Lymphomas should be considered as part of the differential diagnosis in type IV-V hyperlipidaemia...

..The inhibition by heparin of lipoprotein-mediated carriage of vitamin K and possibly other lipids to bone may provide a basis for the future understanding of heparin-induced osteoporosis...

..To establish risk factor causal associations for coronary artery disease (CAD) in the native Pakistani population...

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..The predictive capacities of 3 different risk identification systems based on computer calculation (the Framingham algorithm), or on tabular methods (the Sheffield tables and the General Rule to Enable Atheroma Treatment) were evaluated...

..CONCLUSION: Treatment with fluvastatin offers a convenient, safe and evidence-based approach to managing dyslipidaemias and preventing vascular events...

..We investigated the effects of biological variation in risk factors on risk estimate accuracy and whether current primary prevention screening (risk assessment) models correctly categorize patients...

..This study investigated the effects of RGZ and PGZ on postprandial metabolism in a prospective, randomized crossover trial...