Robert Stewart

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..To investigate the relationship between periodontal disease and cognitive decline...

..To investigate the association between iron deficiency status and depressive symptoms in a national community sample of older people...

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..Primary care list sampling with staff-assigned ethnicity therefore appeared highly specific, reasonably sensitive, and did not seem to introduce substantial bias for this population...

..Using data from a cross-sectional community survey of Korean elders, we sought to investigate this within a sample with relative cognitive impairment...

..Recent developments in electronic medical records, and in computer software to search and analyse these in anonymised format, have the potential to revolutionise this research tool...

..To investigate associations between baseline factors and subsequent cognitive decline in an older African-Caribbean population...

..Over a 32-year period, compared with men who did not, those who did develop dementia had a greater increase, followed by a greater decrease, in SBP. Both of these trends are modified by antihypertensive therapy...

..To investigate the association between oral health and cognitive function in early-, mid-, and late-adult life...

..9-6.7) compared to those with ID/II genotype (odds ratio 0.7, 95% CI 0.4-1.2). This interaction was particularly strong for decline in verbal memory and was not apparently mediated by vascular risk factors measured at baseline...

..The relationship between total cholesterol levels and dementia is unclear...

..To compare age-group differences in somatic/psychiatric comorbidity, impact, and pharmacotherapy associated with sleep disturbance across a broad adult age range...

..The association between cholesterol levels, cognitive impairment and dementia is controversial...

..To investigate the association between observer-rated quality of internal accommodation and risk of onset of depression...

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..However, it may be accounted for by vascular comorbidity. The different patterns of association between epsilon2 and epsilon4 alleles suggest different pathways of effect...

..Normative data for the tests are presented, stratified by level of education...

..The concept of vascular dementia has a long history but its usefulness as a diagnostic category has been called into question...

..To investigate other measures of risk for vascular disease and nutritional status as potential confounding factors...

..to describe normative data for the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in a UK African-Caribbean population and compare these with norms for white UK-born elders...

..The potential impact on prognosis should be considered in the case of elderly persons at risk for dementia...

..To investigate changes over 15 years in the prevalence of insomnia and its association with demographic characteristics and hypnotic medication use...

..People with substance use disorders (SUDs) have increased risk of mortality but risk in sub-groups is poorly understood...

..Life events (LEs) are recognised to be important risk factors for common mental disorders (CMD). Their prominence may vary across age groups but this issue has received little systematic investigation...

..Adult head circumference is an indicator of brain growth. There is a limited literature linking short legs and small skulls to an increased risk for cognitive impairment and dementia in late life...

..We investigated for the first time in a national survey whether older people were less likely than younger adults with the same symptom severity to receive treatment for Common Mental Disorders (CMD)...

..The aim of this investigation was to determine if the environmental and functional status of people with serious mental illness contribute to the high mortality risk observed in this patient group...

..To determine if aggression, hallucinations or delusions, and depression contribute to excess mortality risk observed in individuals with serious mental illness (SMI)...

..To investigate factors associated with incidence and persistence of sleep complaints in an older population, with particular focus on the role of depression, subclinical depression and physical health status as predictors...

..In the only analysis known to the authors to be carried out in an exclusively elderly, European population, this null finding remained consistent after restriction of analysis to prevalent or incident cases...

..Our aim was to characterize vulnerable groups for excess mortality among people with SMI, substance use disorders, depressive episode, and recurrent depressive disorder...

..Complaints about memory are common in older people but their relationship with underlying brain changes is controversial...

..The aim of this study was to assess and compare the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) and the Delirium Rating Scale (DRS) in the detection of delirium in the acute stroke setting, when used by a non-psychiatrist doctor...

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..Little is known of the relationship between perinatal somatic and common mental disorder (CMD) symptoms and impaired functioning in women from settings where the burden of undernutrition and infectious disease morbidity is high...

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..To investigate the association between vitamin D deficiency and depressive symptoms in a national community sample of older people. Vitamin D deficiency is common in older people with potential effects on mood...

..Interestingly this association was mediated more strongly by social class (previous occupational status) than by education in this population...

..Little is known about the physical health of personality-disordered people. This study investigated associations between personality disorder and cardiovascular disease in a large, nationally representative sample from Great Britain...

..Other factors suggested to be associated with SMI include poor physical health and the apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon4 allele. Studies of SMI have been predominantly confined to white Caucasian populations...

..These associations were modified by previous educational attainment. Physical activity was negatively associated with cognitive impairment...

..This study aims to examine the life expectancy and relative mortality in people with PD within secondary mental health care...

..The objectives were to investigate (a) factors associated with SMI, (b) salience of SMI in comparison with other symptoms and (c) help seeking for SMI...

..little is known about illicit drug use in older people. Prevalences may rise as populations for whom illicit drug use has been more common and acceptable become older...

..This paper describes the protocols for the 10/66 population-based and intervention studies that aim to redress this imbalance...

..Aims To develop a data collection and diagnostic application that can be used across a broad range of clinical and research settings...

..The electronic database from a large and comprehensive secondary mental healthcare provider in London was utilized to assess the impact of SMI diagnoses on life expectancy at birth...

..Our aim was to investigate and compare the associations of dementia with waist and upper arm circumference in elders from seven low- and middle-income nations...

..This study investigated the frequency of unawareness of memory impairment in dementia, exploring regional differences and sociodemographic and health status correlates in large population-based surveys...

..The objectives of this analysis were to compare vascular and non-vascular health problems with respect to their associations with cognitive function and common mental disorder...

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..Depression is common in old age and is associated with risk of dementia, but its neuropathological correlates in the community are unknown...

..To investigate the association between subjective memory deficit (SMD) and cognitive impairment in a community population and modification of this association by level of social activity...

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..The outcome and impact of major depression in developing countries are not clear...

..We aimed to investigate associations between the quality of key relationships and depression in women in their third trimester of pregnancy, and the extent to which these associations were modified by family structure...

..Responses to public health need require information on the distribution of mental and physical ill health by demographic and socioeconomic factors at the local community level...

..The Affective Suffering sub-component had more robust cross-cultural validity than the Motivation sub-component...

..several studies have assessed delirium post-stroke but conflicting results have been obtained. Also, the natural history and outcome of delirium post-stroke need to be fully elucidated...

..To investigate how often older people know the correct answers to questions about time orientation (knowledge of the day, date, month and year), and what factors might affect performance with these...

..Case-control studies are vulnerable to selection and information biases which may generate misleading findings...

..Studies have consistently shown a higher incidence of schizophrenia with onset in early adult life in African and Caribbean migrants to the UK...

..Epidemiological data on very-late-onset (>60 years) schizophrenia-like psychosis (SLP) are scarce. There are only two published follow-up studies...

..The current study explored beliefs, attitudes, and help-seeking behaviors...

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..The EURO-D, a12-item self-report questionnaire for depression, was developed with the aim of facilitating cross-cultural research into late-life depression in Europe...

..To investigate inpatient mortality and the use of invasive diagnostic and revascularization procedures after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in people with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder...

..To investigate the association between subjective memory impairment (SMI) and objective cognitive impairment in later life, and to ascertain whether this is modified by level of social activity, education or living alone...

..They may represent a feasible brief intervention with the potential to address unmet treatment needs of adults complaining of insomnia symptoms...

..CONCLUSIONS: The risk of depression associated with stroke was not explained by disablement. However, the hypothesis that vascular risk factors are important in the genesis of depression was not supported...

..The aim of this study was to investigate whether PUFAs levels (omega-3 or omega-6) are correlated with residual depressive or anxiety symptoms in older people with previous depression...

..This study provides further support for the core construct validity of the PBI, and indicates a perhaps surprising degree of sensitivity to cultural nuances...

..Subjective memory deficit (SMD) is one of few potential presenting symptoms for people with early cognitive impairment. However, associations with underlying brain changes are unclear...

..CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of alcoholism was high in this population. Associated factors and urban/rural differences reflect traditional attitudes toward drinking...

..While no evidence was found for urban-rural differences in prevalence rates of depression, factors associated with depression differed between these populations...

..No associations were found between depression and any other measures of vascular risk. CONCLUSIONS: In the absence of previous stroke, a role of vascular disease/risk was not supported in the aetiology late-life depression...

..SMI was weakly associated with previous cognitive decline and was not associated with APOE e4. SMI and cognitive impairment were most strongly associated in urban residents, particularly rural-to-urban migrants...

..The validity of other diagnoses, such as affective disorder, may also be affected if the hierarchical diagnostic algorithm is used (i.e. where the diagnosis of organic disorder affects the likelihood of other diagnoses)...

..Depression may increase the risk of mortality among certain subgroups of older people, but the part played by antidepressants in this association has not been thoroughly explored...

..No decline in anxiety or depression was found with time since cessation. Previous studies of associations between depression and smoking might have overestimated the association when ignoring comorbid anxiety...

..The association with transient SMCs was weakened when those with cognitive impairment at baseline were excluded. CONCLUSIONS: Incident dementia is associated with memory complaints that persist or disappear but not with new complaints...

..This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal association between ALDH2*2 and incidence of AD...

..Smaller head circumference has also been found to be associated with dementia. The independence of these two potential markers of risk for dementia has not been investigated...

..To investigate the role of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene val66met polymorphism in the association between stroke and depression...

..We sought to replicate this finding in elders and, additionally, to test modifying effects of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) val66met polymorphism...

..However, associations with the presence of psychiatric disorder across the age range are unclear. Representative epidemiological estimates are needed...

..The study aimed to describe the prevalence of chronic fatigue in the general population and to investigate the extent to which its association with physical illness was independent of other symptoms of common mental disorders...

..The objective of this study was to compare their relative impact upon medically certified disability pension award...

..Previous studies suggest that worry content and prevalence may vary as a function of age, but evidence is limited...

..This study investigates incident first contact rates in an area of East London with a high Bangladeshi population, to investigate if Bangladeshi-born elders also have an increased referral rate for SLP...

..The mutant allele of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2(*)2) was found to be associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in a Japanese sample, interacting with the apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele (Apo E4)...

..The role of folate, vitamin B(12) and homocysteine levels in depression is not clear...

..Associations between vascular risk factors and late-life depression are controversial...

..Dementia costs in developing countries are estimated to be US$73 billion yearly, but care demands social protection, which seems scarce in these regions...

..CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence rates of depression were increased in the urban sample regardless of previous urban/rural residence. Reduced social support was particularly strongly associated with depression in people with a rural upbringing...

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