Terrie E Moffitt

..These findings are consistent with core predictions from the taxonomic theory of life-course persistent and adolescence-limited antisocial behavior...

..We outline specific research questions and study designs needed to build the lacking evidence base for or against proposed changes to DSM-V conduct disorder...

..We tested whether risk factors for MDD and GAD are similar or different...

..If most adults with mental disorders are found to have a juvenile psychiatric history, this would shift etiologic research and prevention policy to focus more on childhood mental disorders...

..We compared results from a prospective study with those from retrospective studies...

..This paper describes the circumstances of contemporary young mothers and their children from a nationally representative sample, and compares them to the circumstances of mothers who delayed childbearing beyond age 20...

..Most information about GAD-MDD comorbidity comes from patient samples and retrospective surveys...

..Third, the article envisages future work on gene-environment interplay, arguing that it is an interesting and profitable way forward for psychopathology research...

..We suggest that in psychiatric genetics, ignoring nurture handicaps the field's capacity to make new discoveries about nature...

..Findings recommend intervention with all aggressive children and with all delinquent adolescents, to prevent a variety of maladjustments in adult life...

..Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder that in some cases is accompanied by antisocial behavior...

..Resilient' children function better than would be expected given their experience of bullying victimisation. This study examined the role of families in promoting resilience following bullying victimisation in primary school...

..This study compared the developmental outcomes in and caregiving environments provided to children by depressed mothers with or without an antisocial history...

..In contrast, the relation between reading achievement and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was best explained by common genetic influences...

....

..Information about the psychiatric histories of adults with anxiety disorders was examined to further inform nosology and etiological/ preventive efforts...

..No single risk factor emerged as the prime explanation, suggesting that the processes mediating the link between childhood low SES and adult poor health are multifactorial...

..The vast majority of cannabis users do not develop psychosis, however, prompting us to hypothesize that some people are genetically vulnerable to the deleterious effects of cannabis...

..Few studies have investigated whether blunted HPA axis reactivity observed in children exposed to early-life stress signals social, emotional, and behavioral problems...

..Rates of depression have been rising, as have rates of work stress. We tested the influence of work stress on diagnosed depression and anxiety in young working adults...

..This longitudinal study of a nonreferred, population-based sample tested the concurrent, convergent, and predictive validity of DSM-IV conduct disorder in children 4(1/2)-5 years of age...

..However, it is not clear whether these symptoms are associated with the same extensive risk factors established for adult schizophrenia...

..For research and clinical purposes, young children's self-reports can be viewed as a valuable complement to adults' ratings and observational measures of children's behavior problems...

..To determine whether parental periodontal disease history is a risk factor for periodontal disease in adult offspring...

..Being the victim of bullying is associated with a broad spectrum of emotional problems; however, not all children who are bullied go on to develop such problems...

..This epidemiological study thus provides evidence of a gene-by-environment interaction, in which an individual's response to environmental insults is moderated by his or her genetic makeup...

..Whether such developmental subtypes exist in the population and have different prognoses should be rigorously tested to inform the DSM-V...

..The finding shows that environmental exposures can be used to uncover novel candidate genes in complex phenotypes. It also shows that genes may work via the environment to shape the IQ, helping to close the nature versus nurture debate...

....

..It is important for healthy social relationships and thus may contribute towards children's involvement in bullying. The present study investigated whether children involved in bullying during early adolescence had poor ToM in childhood...

..A principal aim of genetic research is to provide new information that can resolve such clinical heterogeneity and that can be incorporated into diagnostic practice...

..Though this statistical link may signal a causal association, commentators have urged caution in interpreting findings because of the likelihood of confounding...

..With the increasing numbers of low-birthweight infants, our results support the contention that birthweight could be a target for early preventive intervention to reduce the number of children with compromised IQ...

..To examine concurrent associations between maternal insomnia and different aspects of the family socialization environment...

..To test whether frequent bullying victimisation in childhood increases the likelihood of self harming in early adolescence, and to identify which bullied children are at highest risk of self harm...

....

..To test whether school, neighborhood, and family factors are independently associated with children's involvement in bullying, over and above their own behaviors that may increase their risk for becoming involved in bullying...

..These findings may partly explain why not all victims of maltreatment grow up to victimize others, and they provide epidemiological evidence that genotypes can moderate children's sensitivity to environmental insults...

....

..Findings are suggestive of a neurotoxic effect of cannabis on the adolescent brain and highlight the importance of prevention and policy efforts targeting adolescents...

..The effects of the oral health status of one generation on that of the next within families are unclear. Objectives:  To determine whether parental oral health history is a risk factor for oral disease...

..People with psychosis have an elevated risk of violence...

..The association between depression and inflammation is inconsistent across research samples...

..It is also unknown what variables predict help-seeking for these symptoms, whether they are developmentally stable, and whether they increase the risk of mental disorders...

..The results suggest that maternal emotional attitudes toward children may play a causal role in the development of antisocial behavior and illustrate how genetically informative research can inform tests of socialization hypotheses...

..about premorbid cognitive deficits: What is their developmental course? Do all premorbid cognitive deficits follow the same course? Are premorbid cognitive deficits specific to schizophrenia or shared by other psychiatric disorders?..

..Genetic etiology is unknown because most research with young children focuses on environmental risk factors, and the few existing studies of young twins used only mothers' reports of behaviour, which may be biased...

..Findings add new information by demonstrating that resilience is partly heritable and that protective processes operate through both genetic and environmental effects...

..Interventions addressing self-control might reduce a panoply of societal costs, save taxpayers money, and promote prosperity...

..The heritability difference was even more pronounced in magnitude when hyperactive symptoms were controlled. CU traits thus appear to index one valid way of sub-typing children with early-onset AB...

..To test whether the experience of being bullied has an environmentally mediated effect on internalizing symptoms in young children...

..However, in the absence of child self-reports, mothers can be considered as a viable alternative, and vice versa...

..The observation of dynamic changes in DNA methylation over time highlights the importance of longitudinal research designs for epigenetic research...

....

..To examine the association between childhood exposure to family conflict and insomnia at 18 years of age...

..Evidence for interactions between genes and the environment in the etiology of antisocial behavior is also examined. The article ends by envisioning future work on gene-environment interplay in the etiology of antisocial behavior...

..K. cohort of young twins...

..Marriage may not be the answer to the problems faced by some children living in single-parent families unless their fathers can become reliable sources of emotional and economic support...

....

..This study is the first to distinguish prospectively between juvenile- and adult-onset cases of MDD in a representative birth cohort followed up from childhood into adulthood...

....

..CONCLUSIONS: The results provide evidence for an early-childhood, persistent, pan-developmental impairment that is specifically associated with schizophreniform disorder and that predicts psychotic symptoms in childhood and adulthood...

....

....

..We believe that SAL and LAL are good mouse models to study the development of antisocial behavior and will yield valuable and testable hypotheses with regard to the neurobiological and genetical architecture of antisocial behavior...

..No group differences emerged for externalizing problems, ADHD or prosocial behaviors. The implications of the findings for parents and teachers of twins, and for school practices about separating twins, are discussed...

..Understanding the origins of these groups is important since they have elevated emotional and behavioural problems, especially the bully-victims. No research has examined the genetic and environmental influences on these social roles...

..To test the hypothesis that children who occupy peripheral or isolated roles in their peer groups (isolated children) are at risk of poor adult health...

....

..The findings suggest that low self-esteem during adolescence predicts negative real-world consequences during adulthood...

..60 (1.05-2.45), p = .030) but not depressive disorders (OR (95% CI) = .99 (.63-1.56), p = .959). Persistent sleep problems in childhood may be an early risk indicator of anxiety in adulthood...

....

..These data are in agreement with the hypothesis that aggressive ASB is a stable heritable trait as compared to nonaggressive behavior, which is more strongly influenced by the environment and shows less genetic stability over time...

..An influential article published in 1990 claimed that the increased rate of reading disability in boys was a consequence of referral bias...

..We report here the first twin study of high levels of psychopathic tendencies in young children...

..This article discusses opportunities and challenges in the collaboration between psychiatry, epidemiology and neuroscience in studying gene-environment interactions...

....

..The review seeks to outline what is known, what are the methodological hazards that must be dealt with, and the research strategies that may be employed...

..The relevance of the findings to theories of personality development is discussed...

..characteristics distinguish resilient from non-resilient maltreated children? Do children's individual strengths promote resilience even when children are exposed to multiple family and neighborhood stressors (cumulative stressors model)?..

..Prior studies have had conflicting results regarding the relationship between adolescent depression and adult obesity...

..Discussion focuses on clarifying the relations among self-esteem, narcissism, and externalizing problems...

..Possible underlying proximal mechanisms are discussed, including maternal speech and mind-mindedness, sibling interactions, and peer influences...

....

....

..Certain genotypes may promote resistance to trauma. Physically maltreated children whose first-degree relatives engage in antisocial behavior warrant priority for therapeutic intervention...

....

..Genetic influences common to both phenotypes explained 100% of the low IQ-antisocial behavior relation in boys. Findings suggest that specific candidate genes and neurobiological processes should be tested in relation to both phenotypes...

..We examined the association between mental disorder and violent victimization in a general population sample...

..The findings support the hypothesis that physical maltreatment plays a causal role in the development of children's antisocial behavior and that preventing maltreatment can prevent its violent sequelae...

..Recent work suggests that this paradigm is useful for assessing disruptive behaviour in young children (Hughes, Cutting, & Dunn, 2001)...

..We examined the association between childhood neurodevelopmental, temperamental, behavioral and family environmental characteristics assessed before age 11 years and the development of PTSD up to age 32 years in a birth cohort...

....

..This assumption is now questioned because several longitudinal studies have documented that adolescents with psychiatric disorders grow up to be overrepresented among adults involved in partner violence...

..Implications for theory, research, and practice are discussed...