F J Kelly

..We interpret these findings as being indicative that the antioxidant network at the air-lung interface in healthy subjects is capable of dealing with the oxidative challenge posed by DE at ambient concentrations...

..This finding indicates that the uterine glands and the secondary yolk sac play key roles in supplying this essential vitamin to the developing fetus before the placental circulations are established...

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..This study investigated the in vitro toxicity of ambient PM collected at different sites in the Netherlands in relation to PM composition and oxidative potential...

..abstract:..

..dietary modification, in order to achieve a therapeutic effect will be discussed...

..Given these possibilities, a better understanding of respiratory tract lining fluid antioxidant defences in the aged lung is warranted...

..In this review we focus primarily on the soluble protein components of within the surface liquid layer in the lung and the consequence of their undue oxidation...

..Together, it is hoped that these measures will lead to an improvement in air quality and provide a direct health benefit to Londoners. Research underway is charting the progress of this real world experiment...

..51, P = 0.02 [100 vs. 200] and tau, 0.49, P = 0.03 [100 vs. 400] and tau, 0.56, P = 0.005 [200 vs. 400]. Together these data support the contention that alpha-tocopherol uptake is a stable individual phenotype under genetic regulation...

..However, many questions remain unanswered in relation to inter-individual sensitivity to ambient air pollution, and extent to which this sensitivity is modified by airway antioxidant defences...

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..Here we report the effects of hypothermic storage in EuroCollins solution, St Thomas' Hospital cardioplegic solution and a modified bicarbonate buffer solution...

..These responses and variations in basal antioxidant defense were not, however, useful predictive markers of group or individual responsiveness to ozone...

..These are the first data to potentially link increased NADPH oxidase-derived ROS with a defect in cardiac contractile function in a pathological setting...

..The uptake and biotransformation of gamma-tocopherol (gamma-T) in humans is largely unknown. Using a stable isotope method we investigated these aspects of gamma-T biology in healthy volunteers and their response to gamma-T supplementation...

..Our aim was to investigate the potential benefit of these antioxidants in a cohort of women with a range of clinical risk factors...

..This distinct expression pattern suggests that the guinea pig lung will be a useful model in which to study expression of transcription factors implicated in the regulation of SP genes...

..These data do not therefore support the contention that acute ozone-induced symptoms can be attenuated through the use of dietary antioxidants in well-nourished individuals...

..Here the hypothesis that this heightened sensitivity reflects an augmentation of the transient inflammatory response previously reported in healthy adults exposed to diesel exhaust is examined...

..Thus treatment with vitamin C (1.5 g daily) for 3 weeks does not significantly improve oxidative stress, blood pressure or endothelial function in patients with Type II diabetes...

..alpha-Tocopherol supplementation is not protective against the deleterious effects of alcohol on protein metabolism in skeletal muscle...

..CONCLUSION: Antioxidant supplementation in women who were at risk of preeclampsia was associated with improvement in biochemical indices of the disease...

..05). Of the selective PDE inhibitors tested, rolipram (type IV inhibitor) was most effective. However, the nonselective agent, theophylline, provided the best protection of function after storage and reperfusion of rat lungs...

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..The highest PM concentrations in London occur in proximity to waste transfer stations (WTS), sites that experience high numbers of dust-laden, heavy-duty diesel vehicles transporting industrial and household waste...

..The objective was to examine how these toxicologically relevant measures were related to other PM characteristics, such as total and elemental mass concentration and light absorbance...

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..CONCLUSION: Gestational profiles of several markers were abnormal in the group with preeclampsia, and some of the markers that may prove useful in the selective prediction of preeclampsia were identified...

..To evaluate an association of Bloom syndrome (BS) phenotype with an in vivo prooxidant state...

..01 after 28 days supplementation with 268 mg AT/day). These data demonstrate the time and dose sensitivity of the plasma proteome to AT supplementation...

..This GC/MS method provides a versatile and accurate mean for assessing carboxyethyl-hydroxychroman metabolites of vitamin E in plasma...

..Future research on this essential vitamin should focus on what makes it essential for humans, why the body apparently utilizes alpha-tocopherol preferentially, and what functions other forms of vitamin E have...

..The results suggest a gender- and age-related modulation of oxidative stress in FA patients. The observed increase in urinary 8-OHdG in untransplanted FA patients suggests a proficient removal of oxidized DNA bases...

..001) when both groups were combined. In conclusion, acute neutrophilic airway inflammation does not result in significant evidence of oxidative stress in horses affected by recurrent airway obstruction...

..FA may thus represent a unique model disease in testing the integration between the acquisition of macromolecular damage as a result of oxidative stress and the ability of the mammalian cell to respond effectively to such damage...

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..Further investigations on more extensive study populations are warranted to verify the relevance of an in vivo prooxidant state in WS patients...

..In conclusion, the concentration of lung lining fluid ascorbic acid is increased following ascorbic acid supplementation (20 mg/kg body weight) in an ascorbate-synthesising species...

..Nutritional supplementation with ascorbic acid derivatives in horses affected by RAO is an area for further investigation...

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..80, p < 0.0001). We conclude that the concentration of H2O2 in breath condensate influences the ELF ascorbic acid concentration and provides a non-invasive diagnostic indicator of the severity of neutrophilic airway inflammation...

..622; P = 0.0004). Although there were increases in creatine phosphokinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and TBARS and a loss of TGSH, this study failed to demonstrate evidence of classical oxidative stress...

..The UA and AA levels were significantly increased in WS and DS patients, but not in AT, FA, BS, nor XP patients. Rationale for chemoprevention trials is discussed...

..It is likely that the toxicological responses of SH rats were associated with specific PM components derived from brake wear (copper and barium), tire wear (zinc), and wood smoke (potassium)...

..The hypothesis of a transformation-dependent bioactivation of vitamin E represents an intriguing and emerging aspect of research that deserves further investigation...

..The only previous trial of selenium supplementation in adults with asthma found no objective evidence of benefit but involved only 24 participants...

..1 (1.35-4.88) Md (Q1-Q3) vs. air 0.94 (0.53-1.23); P = 0.009. No significant changes were seen in IL-10 and IL-18 expression. This finding suggests an TH2-inflammatory response in the airways of non-atopic healthy individuals...

..05). These observations demonstrate that DE activates redox-sensitive transcription factors in vivo consistent with oxidative stress triggering the increased synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines...