Dinesh Bhugra

..The findings suggest that older adults would welcome the opportunity to discuss their feelings with health-care professionals...

..This process of migration and subsequent adjustment can lead to a number of issues that affect personal functioning and response to the new country...

..Cultural competency is now a core requirement for mental health professionals working with culturally diverse patient groups. Cultural competency training may improve the quality of mental health care for ethnic groups...

..In the UK and the USA, recent political imperatives have influenced training and roles of psychiatrists. We wanted to explore patient and carer perspectives as well...

..The prevalence of bulimic disorders in Caribbean schoolgirls is still very low, but they are a population at increasing risk since they share the western ideals of slimness and engage in dieting behaviours...

..The process of migration is not simple or straightforward. The aim of this review is to distil existing information on how migration influences individuals' mental state and how it determines help seeking as well as pathways to care...

..The implications of cultural conflict are discussed in this context. In addition, a hypothetical model of interrelationship of factors for both adults and adolescents is described...

..Social justice and a just distribution of finite resources and professional responsibilities need to be redefined. Psychiatry's implicit contract with society needs to be renegotiated for the 21st century...

..These films represent the emergent India and its relationship with modernity and traditional values...

..Societies and cultures have been described as being individualistic or collectivist (also called ego-centric or socio-centric). Similarly individuals are idiocentric or allocentric...

..This study aimed to explore ideas about professionalism and the threat of deprofessionalisation from psychiatrists themselves...

..Other factors embedded in the act also emphasize that not all suicides have underlying psychiatric disorders and clinicians must take social causation into account while preparing any prevention strategies...

..We compared the awareness of CFS in Brazil and the United Kingdom...

..The authors aimed to establish obsessive-compulsive disorder prevalence and its clinical typology among adults in private households in Great Britain and to obtain generalizable estimates of impairment and help-seeking...

..CONCLUSIONS: Poor housing conditions may be one of the risk factors contributing to the high incidence of schizophrenia in African-Caribbeans...

..Little is known about the physical health of personality-disordered people. This study investigated associations between personality disorder and cardiovascular disease in a large, nationally representative sample from Great Britain...

..Families were identified as the main source of both support and distress; and as such their influence could be crucial to the identification and treatment of depression in older people...

..These changes remained four to six weeks later. The pamphlet was feasible for use in primary care and community settings and highly acceptable among British South Asian women and professionals...

..Transcultural studies have found lack of insight to be an almost invariable feature of acute and chronic schizophrenia, but its influence on prognosis is unclear...

..Previous epidemiological studies have shown a high incidence of schizophrenia in African-Caribbeans in the UK, but not in Asians...

....

..In cultures which are kinship-based, the help may be available within kinship, and statutory services may rely on such systems...

..The more common diagnosis of mania in the Irish group can be explained in terms of the effects of migration, differences in idioms of distress, or in terms of prejudice...

..Suicidal behaviour and completed suicide are serious problems within British prisons, leading to significant morbidity and mortality, and are the focus of major efforts towards their prevention...

..We analysed the prevalence of screen positive personality disorder in a representative sample of adults with OCD living in private households in the UK...

..CONCLUSIONS: Training packages could enhance clinicians'cultural competency in multicultural settings. However, globalisation is likely to influence idioms of distress and pathways to care in ways that are difficult to predict...

..The study sought to explore and compare beliefs about the nature and causes of depression, and to suggest ways in which these beliefs act to facilitate or deter older people from accessing treatment...

....

..We aimed to determine the relative contributions of financial strain and decreased social support to the excess of depression and common mental disorders (CMD) in lone parents...

..Lack of insight has been observed in people with schizophrenia across cultures but assessment of insight must take into account prevailing illness models...

..The Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire (CFQ) is an instrument used to measure physical and mental fatigue. We translated and adapted the questionnaire and tested its reliability and validity in a Brazilian primary care setting...

..This might reflect differences in true prevalence or clinical recognition influenced by sociocultural factors...

..Causal attribution influences symptom experience, help-seeking behaviour and prognosis in chronic fatigue syndrome. We compared causal attribution of patients with unexplained chronic fatigue (UCF) in Brazil and Britain...

..This study tests the hypothesis that the association between low income and mental disorder is mediated by debt and its attendant financial hardship...

..The aim of the study was to investigate the attitudes in the decision making process for admitting patients compulsorily under the Italian Law 180/78...

..While primary care was criticised for not taking depression seriously in older people, mental health services were generally praised. Expansion of social, recreational and psychological interventions was advocated...

..An understanding of the manner in which therapeutic alliances are formed between the clinician and the patient is necessary to understand decision making...

..We hypothesise that the impact of ethnic density and cultural congruity occurs in a social context...

..We suggest that religious rituals and expectations of the family play a major role in the genesis and maintenance of delusions. We consider the roles of religious signifiers in the formation and maintenance of these important phenomena...

..In order to assess and manage migrants, the clinicians need to be aware of the pathways into migration...

..It is essential that clinicians are aware of pathways and barriers so that appropriate and accessible care can be provided...

..In order to estimate the health needs of cultural groups, the cross-cultural validity of instruments requires investigation in distinct cultural rather than ethnic or racial groups...

..The psychological impact of the experience was profound. CONCLUSIONS: These findings have important implications for how refugee doctors are introduced to the practice of psychiatry in the NHS...

..Intervention strategies should be guided by personalised formulation, taking into account individual vulnerabilities, strengths and social contexts, as well as cultural norms for family environment...

..Stigma against medication can be a useful target for interventions, just like the stigma related to depression. However, clinicians must be careful in avoiding the medicalization of symptoms...

..CONCLUSIONS: The similarities between the Asian and white adolescents suggest that some common aetiological factors may be at play. The risk factors may be related to gender rather than ethnicity in this age group...

..The 3 factors endorsed most frequently and strongly as causes of suicide attempts in South Asian women were violence by the husband, being trapped in an unhappy family situation, and depression...

..To determine the effect of patient education on patient perspectives and outcome of depression in a sample of Asian women in primary care...

....

..However, in spite of some skepticism, patients will always need psychiatrists, even though their roles may change. In this paper we highlight some of these issues and suggest some ways to move forward...

..CONCLUSIONS: It appears that dhat (semen-loss anxiety) is not as culture-bound as previously thought. We propose that the concept of culture-bound syndromes should be modified in line with DSM-IV recommendations...

..We examined the prevalence and determinants of the reasons given for non-adherence to psychiatric medication in a representative community survey...

..CONCLUSIONS: Majority white culture may influence vulnerable patients who have psychoses to incorporate a range of ideas of distorted ethnic identity in their psychopathology...

..This paper reviews the evidence of efficacy of different types of CAM in depression with the aim of identifying the highest level of evidence...

..CONCLUSION: Hindi films since the 1950s appear to have been influenced by changing cultural norms which in turn affected the way mental illness is portrayed...

..To collect information about the pre-flight experiences of unaccompanied asylum seeking children (UASC) in the UK to increase the understanding of support needed on arrival in the UK...

..The high rates of psychiatric morbidity in prisoners vary between ethnic groups...

....

..Trends in health treatments and outcomes in the general population may be used to monitor achievement of health targets...

....

..In England and Wales, persons of African-Caribbean origin are more likely to be both imprisoned and admitted to secure hospitals...

..We found it possible to use psychological autopsy methods to obtain information which can inform planned prevention measures...

..This study investigates whether cultural variations in patients' causal explanatory models account for cultural variations in the assessment of non-psychotic mental disorders in primary care...

..Possession' is defined here as the experience of being taken over, controlled or occupied by another spirit or force...

..The aim of this review is to discuss the current state of research on the concept of neurosis across cultures and to document the advances made in this field over the previous year...

..A Mobile Mental Health Team provided on the spot needs assessment and help. Thai experience provides a culturally acceptable way of delivering mental health services and normalization was the most appropriate response...

..Literature reviews can help in conducting culturally competent assessments and enable better interventions for this group of patients. The key cultural areas identified are discussed in detail...

....

..In this paper we present the overall observations and suggest the way forward...

..Existing evidence indicates that dissonance between patients' and professionals' explanatory models affects engagement of patients with psychiatric services in Western and non-Western countries...

..Subsections in the stakeholder agreement section include: (1) public-private partnerships; and (2) preparedness...

..To investigate how first incidence of various mental disorders changed between the periods of 1947-1972 to 1972-1997 in the Lundby cohort...

..The results indicate the need for better understanding of local perceptions of psychosis...

..The purpose of this study was to assess the representation of refugees among psychiatric inpatients, given that it has been suggested that they use a disproportionate level of care compared with nonrefugees...

..This study compares first incidence rates of depression and cumulative probabilities for developing a depression over the two time periods 1947-1972 and 1972-1997...