Research Topics
Species | Ajit LalvaniSummaryAffiliation: Imperial College Country: UK Publications
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Detail Information
Publications
Diagnosing tuberculosis infection in the 21st century: new tools to tackle an old enemyAjit Lalvani
Tuberculosis Immunology Group, Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Wright Fleming Institute of Infection and Immunity, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2, UK
Chest 131:1898-906. 2007..However, longitudinal studies are needed to define the predictive value of positive blood test results for progression to tuberculosis...- T Cells and Tuberculosis: Beyond Interferon-gammaAjit Lalvani
Tuberculosis Immunology Group, Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
J Infect Dis 197:941-3. 2008 
Interferon gamma release assays: principles and practiceAjit Lalvani
Tuberculosis Research Unit, Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 28:245-52. 2010..The role of IGRAs in active TB is less clear but they may be useful as adjunctive tests in the diagnostic work-up of an individual with suspected TB. Finally, recent developments and future directions in IGRA development are reviewed...- Immigrant screening for TB: a missed opportunity to improve TB control in the United KingdomAjit Lalvani
Tuberculosis Research Unit, Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
Pathog Glob Health 106:5-7. 2012.... - A 100 year update on diagnosis of tuberculosis infectionAjit Lalvani
Tuberculosis Research Unit, Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
Br Med Bull 93:69-84. 2010..In the last century, the tuberculin skin test (TST) was the only means of diagnosing LTBI. ELISpot and whole-blood ELISA, collectively known as interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs), are promising new tools... 
Screening for tuberculosis infection prior to initiation of anti-TNF therapyAjit Lalvani
Tuberculosis Immunology Group, Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
Autoimmun Rev 8:147-52. 2008..Therefore, a positive result to either an IGRA or TST, in addition to currently recommended clinical screening for risk factors for LTBI, should prompt consideration of preventive treatment of LTBI in this population...- T cell-based diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis infectionAjit Lalvani
Tuberculosis Immunology Group, Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Wright Fleming Institute of Infection and Immunity, Imperial College London, London, UK
Curr Opin Infect Dis 20:264-71. 2007..We review all publications using TIGRAs in children to appraise paediatricians of the advantages and limitations of these new blood tests... - Improved diagnostic evaluation of suspected tuberculosisDavinder P S Dosanjh
Tuberculosis Immunology Group, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
Ann Intern Med 148:325-36. 2008..The role of new T-cell-based blood tests for tuberculosis in the diagnosis of active tuberculosis is unclear... - Dynamic relationship between IFN-gamma and IL-2 profile of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific T cells and antigen loadKerry A Millington
Tuberculosis Immunology Group, Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Wright Fleming Institute of Infection and Immunity, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
J Immunol 178:5217-26. 2007..These distinct T cell functional signatures before and after treatment suggest a novel immunological marker of mycobacterial load and clinical status in tuberculosis that now requires validation in larger prospective studies... - Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific cellular immune profiles suggest bacillary persistence decades after spontaneous cure in untreated tuberculosisKerry A Millington
Tuberculosis Research Unit, Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
J Infect Dis 202:1685-9. 2010..Of 10 individuals with no M. tuberculosis antigen-specific IFN-γ-secreting T cells detectable ex vivo, 7 had evidence of central memory T cells, consistent with clearance of infection... - Rv3615c is a highly immunodominant RD1 (Region of Difference 1)-dependent secreted antigen specific for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infectionKerry A Millington
Tuberculosis Research Unit, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108:5730-5. 2011..The high immunodominance of EspC, equivalent to that of ESAT-6 and CFP-10, makes it a TB vaccine candidate, and its high specificity confers strong potential for T-cell-based immunodiagnosis... - Ethnicity and mycobacterial lineage as determinants of tuberculosis disease phenotypeManish Pareek
Tuberculosis Research Unit, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
Thorax 68:221-9. 2013..Emerging evidence suggests that Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) lineage and host ethnicity can determine tuberculosis (TB) clinical disease patterns but their relative importance and interaction are unknown... - Novel M tuberculosis antigen-specific T-cells are early markers of infection and disease progressionDavinder P S Dosanjh
Tuberculosis Research Unit, Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
PLoS ONE 6:e28754. 2011..tuberculosis infection, yet immune responses to only two gene-products, Early Secretory Antigenic Target-6 (ESAT-6) and Culture Filtrate Protein-10 (CFP-10), have been comprehensively investigated... - Dynamic antigen-specific T-cell responses after point-source exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosisKatie Ewer
Tuberculosis Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 174:831-9. 2006..The observed disappearance of M. tuberculosis-specific T cells in the untreated TST-negative contacts suggests that an acute resolving infection may occur in some contacts... - Predominance of heterosubtypic IFN-γ-only-secreting effector memory T cells in pandemic H1N1 naive adultsSaranya Sridhar
Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Paddington, London, UK
Eur J Immunol 42:2913-24. 2012.... - Evaluation of immigrant tuberculosis screening in industrialized countriesManish Pareek
Imperial College London, London, UK
Emerg Infect Dis 18:1422-9. 2012..Industrialized countries performed LTBI screening infrequently and policies varied widely. There is an urgent need to define the cost-effectiveness of LTBI screening strategies for immigrants... - Screening of immigrants in the UK for imported latent tuberculosis: a multicentre cohort study and cost-effectiveness analysisManish Pareek
Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK
Lancet Infect Dis 11:435-44. 2011..We aimed to determine the prevalence of latent infection in immigrants to the UK to define which groups should be screened and to quantify cost-effectiveness... - Interpreting tuberculin skin tests in a population with a high prevalence of HIV, tuberculosis, and nonspecific tuberculin sensitivityPeter J Dodd
Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, St Mary s Medical School, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
Am J Epidemiol 171:1037-45. 2010..However, the optimal cutpoint for HIV-infected individuals was consistently 0 mm. This calibration method may provide a valuable tool for interpreting TST results in other populations... - A mycolic acid-specific CD1-restricted T cell population contributes to acute and memory immune responses in human tuberculosis infectionDamien J Montamat-Sicotte
Tuberculosis Research Unit, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
J Clin Invest 121:2493-503. 2011..T cell recognition of MA is therefore a significant component of the acute adaptive and memory immune response in TB, suggesting that mycobacterial lipids may be promising targets for improved TB vaccines... - Impact of a T cell-based blood test for tuberculosis infection on clinical decision-making in routine practiceSarah Gooding
Tuberculosis Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
J Infect 54:e169-74. 2007..Rapid determination of tuberculosis infection by ELISpot accelerated the diagnosis of tuberculosis, enabling early treatment initiation... - Community-based evaluation of immigrant tuberculosis screening using interferon γ release assays and tuberculin skin testing: observational study and economic analysisManish Pareek
Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tuberculosis Research Unit, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
Thorax 68:230-9. 2013..National screening guidelines have been revised but cost-effectiveness analyses are hampered by the lack of data on the comparative performance of tuberculin skin tests (TSTs) and interferon γ release assays (IGRAs) in immigrants... - Sarcoidosis and tuberculosis cytokine profiles: indistinguishable in bronchoalveolar lavage but different in bloodMuhunthan Thillai
Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
PLoS ONE 7:e38083. 2012..We hypothesised that immunological profiling might provide insight into a possible relationship between the diseases or allow us to distinguish between them... - A comparison between two strategies for monitoring hepatic function during antituberculous therapyAran Singanayagam
Department of Respiratory Medicine, St Mary s Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 185:653-9. 2012..The optimum strategy for monitoring liver function during antituberculous therapy is unclear... - Performance of a T-cell-based diagnostic test for tuberculosis infection in HIV-infected individuals is independent of CD4 cell countKeertan Dheda
Centre for Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Population Sciences and Primary Care, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London, UK
AIDS 19:2038-41. 2005..ELISPOT test performance appears to be independent of HIV-associated immunosuppression... - How should I interpret an interferon gamma release assay result for tuberculosis infection?Ibrahim Abubakar
Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
Thorax 68:298-301. 2013..They are cell-mediated immune-based blood tests that have revolutionised LTBI diagnosis and are increasingly recommended by national guidelines... - Enumeration of functional T-cell subsets by fluorescence-immunospot defines signatures of pathogen burden in tuberculosisRosalyn Casey
Tuberculosis Research Unit, Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, St Mary s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
PLoS ONE 5:e15619. 2010.... - Comparison of screening strategies to improve the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection in the HIV-positive population: a cohort studyKatrina M Pollock
Tuberculosis Research Unit, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
BMJ Open 2:e000762. 2012..Detection and treatment of LTBI is necessary to reduce the increasing burden of TB in the UK, but a unified LTBI screening approach has not been adopted... - Innate Immunity to TB: A Druggable Balancing ActAjit Lalvani
Tuberculosis Research Unit, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
Cell 148:389-91. 2012..Identifying a critical role for the genetically determined balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory eicosanoids in regulating TNFα levels provides a roadmap to tailored TB treatment based on host genotype... - Regulatory T cells are expanded in blood and disease sites in patients with tuberculosisValerie Guyot-Revol
Tuberculosis Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Level 7, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 173:803-10. 2006..CD4+CD25(high) regulatory T cells mediate suppressed cellular immunity in several chronic infections but have not been described in TB... - Redefining latent tuberculosisSaranya Sridhar
Tuberculosis Research Unit, Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
Future Microbiol 6:1021-35. 2011..We discuss recent and future advances in the fields of TB immunology and diagnostics that will improve public health strategies to control TB... - Tuberculosis screening of migrants to low-burden nations: insights from evaluation of UK practiceM Pareek
Tuberculosis Research Unit, Dept of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
Eur Respir J 37:1175-82. 2011..Forming an accurate picture of current front-line practice will help to inform future development of European new entrant screening policy... - Rapid detection of active and latent tuberculosis infection in HIV-positive individuals by enumeration of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific T cellsAnn L N Chapman
Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
AIDS 16:2285-93. 2002..tuberculosis infection, and may potentially improve the targeting of isoniazid preventative therapy to HIV-positive individuals with latent tuberculosis infection... - T-cell-based diagnosis of neonatal multidrug-resistant latent tuberculosis infectionLuca Richeldi
Department of Respiratory Disease, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
Pediatrics 119:e1-5. 2007..Our findings demonstrate that this blood test detected latent infection with dormant, yet viable, bacilli and illustrate how enzyme-linked immunospot could improve diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis infection... - Counting antigen-specific T cells: a new approach for monitoring response to tuberculosis treatment?Ajit Lalvani
Clin Infect Dis 38:757-9. 2004 - Evaluation of T-cell responses to novel RD1- and RD2-encoded Mycobacterium tuberculosis gene products for specific detection of human tuberculosis infectionXiao-Qing Liu
Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
Infect Immun 72:2574-81. 2004..tuberculosis infection... - Enzyme-linked immunospot and tuberculin skin testing to detect latent tuberculosis infectionHomayoun Shams
CPIDC, University of Texas Health Center, 11937 U S Highway 271, Tyler, TX 75708 3154
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 172:1161-8. 2005..Diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is currently based on the tuberculin skin test. The enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT) is a new blood test to diagnose LTBI... - T cell-based tracking of multidrug resistant tuberculosis infection after brief exposureLuca Richeldi
Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 170:288-95. 2004..tuberculosis after brief exposure. These results help to explain the apparent importance of casual contact for tuberculosis transmission, and may have implications for prevention... - Interferon gamma assays for tuberculosisAjit Lalvani
Lancet Infect Dis 5:322-4; author reply 325-7. 2005 - Diagnosis of tuberculosis in South African children with a T-cell-based assay: a prospective cohort studySusan Liebeschuetz
Ngwelezana Hospital, Empangeni, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Lancet 364:2196-203. 2004..Used together with the skin test, ELISPOT provides a clinically useful diagnostic sensitivity in African children with suspected tuberculosis... - Comparison of T-cell-based assay with tuberculin skin test for diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in a school tuberculosis outbreakKatie Ewer
Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
Lancet 361:1168-73. 2003..44). INTERPRETATION: ELISPOT offers a more accurate approach than TST for identification of individuals who have latent tuberculosis infection and could improve tuberculosis control by more precise targeting of preventive treatment... - CD8 cytotoxic T cells and the development of new tuberculosis vaccinesAjit Lalvani
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 166:789-90. 2002 - Incidence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in urban and rural India and implications for preventionDeepak Almeida
Research Laboratories, P. D. Hinduja National Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mahim, Mumbai, India
Clin Infect Dis 36:e152-4. 2003..The study highlights an alarmingly high percentage of multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis isolates in Mumbai (51%) as compared with that at the rural center (2%)... - Tuberculin skin testing underestimates a high prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection in hemodialysis patientsMartina Sester
Medical Department IV, University of the Saarland, Homburg, Germany
Kidney Int 65:1826-34. 2004..tuberculosis infection from BCG-induced reactivity to PPD. The assay is well suited for clinical use and may facilitate targeting of preventative therapy in high-risk individuals... - Early diagnosis of subclinical multidrug-resistant tuberculosisLuca Richeldi
University of Modena and Reggio Emilia and Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy
Ann Intern Med 140:709-13. 2004..Large prospective studies that compare benefits and costs of this alternative to tuberculin skin testing are needed... - Characterization of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis peptide that is recognized by human CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the context of multiple HLA allelesHomayoun Shams
Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Disease Control, and Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
J Immunol 173:1966-77. 2004.... - Ex vivo characterization of early secretory antigenic target 6-specific T cells at sites of active disease in pleural tuberculosisKatalin A Wilkinson
Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
Clin Infect Dis 40:184-7. 2005..The recruitment of ESAT-6-specific T cells to inflamed tuberculous tissue demonstrates their function in vivo and suggests a novel way to diagnose tuberculous pleuritis... - High incidence of the Beijing genotype among multidrug-resistant isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a tertiary care center in Mumbai, IndiaDeepak Almeida
Research Labs, P D Hinduja National Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mahim, Mumbai, India
Clin Infect Dis 40:881-6. 2005..We also report a high frequency of the Delhi genotype (31% of isolates). Our data indicate considerable ongoing transmission of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains of the Beijing genotype in Mumbai... - Effect of BCG vaccination on risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in children with household tuberculosis contact: a prospective community-based studyAhmet Soysal
Department of Paediatrics, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
Lancet 366:1443-51. 2005..This finding has important implications for our understanding of the biology of tuberculosis infection and development of improved tuberculosis vaccines... - Rapid diagnosis of smear-negative tuberculosis by bronchoalveolar lavage enzyme-linked immunospotClaudia Jafari
Division of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Parkallee 35, Borstel, Germany
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 174:1048-54. 2006..CONCLUSION: Smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis can be diagnosed rapidly by identification of MTB-specific cells in the BAL fluid...