P Elliott

..Extremely low-frequency magnetic fields are designated as possibly carcinogenic in humans, based on an epidemiologic association with childhood leukemia. Evidence for associations with adult cancers is weaker and inconsistent...

..This should enable the data derived from biobanks to contribute as part of wider collaborative efforts with other similar resources...

..To investigate the risk of early childhood cancers associated with the mother's exposure to radiofrequency from and proximity to macrocell mobile phone base stations (masts) during pregnancy...

..We focus on etiologic research, where the aim is to make inferences about spatially varying environmental factors influencing the risk of disease...

..Recent studies have indicated long-term effects on mortality of particulate and sulphur dioxide (SO(2)) pollution, but uncertainties remain over the size of any effects, potential latency and generalisability...

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..Effects of more modest alterations to sodium intakes in chimpanzees, akin to current efforts to lower sodium intakes in the human population, are unknown...

..To investigate the risk of congenital anomalies in relation to an index of geographic density of landfill sites across 5x5 km grid squares in England...

..The biological samples that are collected and how they are processed and stored will have a major impact on the future scientific usefulness of the UK Biobank resource...

..Plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) are independently associated with risk of coronary heart disease, but whether CRP is causally associated with coronary heart disease or merely a marker of underlying atherosclerosis is uncertain...

..Findings from epidemiological studies suggest an inverse relationship between individuals' protein intake and their blood pressure...

..These results indicate the potential for increased phosphorus/mineral intake to lower blood pressure as part of the recommendations for healthier eating patterns for the prevention and control of prehypertension and hypertension...

..To investigate the risk of adverse birth outcomes associated with residence near landfill sites in Great Britain...

..The incidence of hospital admissions for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in areas close to operating coke works in England and Wales was investigated...

..Homozygotes for the risk allele of rs12970134 have approximately 2 cm increased waist circumference. Common genetic variation near MC4R is associated with risk of adiposity and insulin resistance...

..It is concluded that the model might thus be used as a means of mapping long-term air pollution concentrations either in support of local authority air-quality management strategies, or in epidemiological studies...

..To examine the associations between temperature, housing, deprivation and excess winter mortality using census variables as proxies for housing conditions...

..Metabolic phenotyping applied to high-quality epidemiological data offers the potential to develop an area of aetiopathogenetic knowledge involving discovery of novel biomarkers related to cardiovascular disease risk...

..02) of cancer risk with deprivation (8% higher risk in affluent areas), but no significant association with urban-rural status. Results were not indicative of a strong geographically determined risk at small-area level...

..Although the predictions of the model are consistent with the epidemiological data, the experimental predictions made have yet to be tested. Further epidemiological and biological evidence will allow a firmer conclusion to be drawn...

..We analysed 5-year treatment with agalsidase alfa enzyme replacement therapy in patients with Fabry's disease who were enrolled in the Fabry Outcome Survey observational database (FOS)...

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..Fasting plasma glucose and risk of type 2 diabetes are higher among Indian Asians than among European and North American Caucasians. Few studies have investigated genetic factors influencing glucose metabolism among Indian Asians...

..The absence of any marked geographical variability at small area scale argues against a geographically varying environmental factor operating strongly in the aetiology of testicular cancer...

..A key question was whether or not the mortality statistics in Bristol were unusual compared with other specialist centres. To answer this question, we did a retrospective analysis of mortality in the UK using two datasets...

..While the methods used in INTERMAP to reduce coding errors were time consuming, the experiences suggest that such errors are important and that they can be reduced...

..Genes at four of the identified loci are implicated in the development of cancer. A variant within the HOXB gene cluster associated with occlusion defects requiring orthodontic treatment by age 31 years...

..Our results do not support suggestions of excess risks of cancer associated with landfill sites reported in other studies...

..Recommendations are made for further areas of study...

..There was no excess risk of stillbirth. In conclusion, we found no statistically significant excess risks of congenital anomalies or low birth weight in populations living near special waste landfill sites in Scotland...

..Further work is needed looking at cause-specific stillbirths and effects of other disinfection by-products and to help differentiate between alternative (noncausal) explanations and those that may derive from the water supply...

..Our aim was to investigate relationships between fetal growth, weight over the life course, and low-grade inflammation measured by serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) levels at 31 years...

..We conclude that our modelling approach enabled us to provide robust quarterly estimates of ecological exposure to THMs in a situation where the raw data were too sparse to base exposure assessment on empirical summaries alone...

..Little is known about the heritability of insulin resistance traits in Asian Indians. Our objective was to estimate heritabilities and genetic correlations in Asian Indian families...

..We used a novel technique to estimate the outdoor concentrations of sulphur dioxide (SO2) at small-area level to study the long-term effects on respiratory symptoms and disease in children...

..The excess risk of kidney disease in the Runcorn area requires further investigation...

..Intrathoracic impedance monitoring is a new diagnostic tool for patients with heart failure that may aid early identification of decompensation and pulmonary congestion...

..The objective of the study was to determine the association between maternal hemoglobin concentration during pregnancy and perinatal mortality...

..To investigate associations of dietary iron (total, haem, and non-haem), supplemental iron, and red meat with blood pressure...

..These cross-population differences in urinary metabolites could be related to genetic, dietary, and gut microbial factors...

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..NCAR's utility could be improved if it returned to including "minor" hypospadias. Meanwhile routine data such as HES are potentially suitable for surveillance of this condition...

..4 x 10(-10)). MLXIPL coordinates transcriptional regulation of enzymes that channel glycolytic end-products into lipogenesis and energy storage, making MLXIPL a plausible 'thrifty gene'...

..The aim of the study was to examine the risk of giving birth to a child with Down syndrome associated with residence near landfill sites in England and Wales...

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..These results showed that growth during the immediate postnatal period is associated with adulthood obesity and BP. Lifestyle changes from early life might be important in reducing adulthood obesity and high-BP risk...

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..Recent controlled clinical trials of soyabean supplementation have also suggested a BP-lowering effect of protein intake. Results of further large-scale epidemiological studies of protein and BP are awaited...

..5- to 2-fold). Larger (3-fold) excess risks are detected almost certainly using this rule, even when based on small expected counts, although the mean of the posterior distribution is typically smoothed to about half the true value...

..1 % were below. Experiences from the INTERMAP Belfast centre indicate that difficulties in collection of dietary information can be anticipated and contained by the systematic use of methods to prevent, detect and correct errors...

..To describe trends in mortality of open cardiac surgery in children in Bristol and England since 1991...

..These findings, plus adverse nutrient intakes among SSB consumers, and greater sugar-BP differences for persons with higher sodium excretion lend support to recommendations that intake of SSBs, sugars, and salt be substantially reduced...

..To investigate the feasibility of using commercially available data on household food consumption to carry out food and nutritional surveillance...

..The absence of any marked geographical variability at a small-area scale argues against a geographically varying environmental factor operating strongly in the aetiology of prostate cancer...

..7, -1.1) mm Hg lower systolic blood pressure. Our results support the concept that birth weight, other birth measures, and infant growth are important determinants of blood pressure and hence cardiovascular disease risk in later life...

..To investigate the relation of diastolic blood pressure in pregnancy with birth weight and perinatal mortality...

..We further analysed the mortality statistics to determine which anatomical subcategories were involved...

..The proportions of true primaries ranging between 55% and 82% (i.e. excluding secondary cancers) give revised estimates of between 0.53 and 0.78 excess cases per 10(5) per year within 1 km...

..New food biomarkers are needed to objectively evaluate the effect of diet on health and to check adherence to dietary recommendations and healthy eating patterns...

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..Analytes in blood and urine may vary over time according to conditions of transport and storage...

..0 x 10(-5) and P = 3.6 x 10(-4), respectively). Our findings provide insight into metabolic, solute and drug-transport pathways underlying susceptibility to chronic kidney disease...

..Both methods either alone or in combination have the potential for general applications to any complex mixture analysis where the sample contains compounds with a range of diffusion coefficients...

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..Comprehensive, contemporaneous sodium intake data from around the world are needed to inform national/international public health initiatives to reduce sodium consumption...

..The findings have important implications for how probabilistic modelling should be conducted, communicated and used by policy and decision makers as part of consumer risk assessment of pesticides...

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..Cross-sectional data from the International Study of Macronutrients and Micronutrients and Blood Pressure (INTERMAP) were used to assess relations of dietary starch intake to blood pressure in men and women from four countries...

..05) and a lower risk of ventricular fibrillation (P = 0.01). Our findings provide new insight into the pathogenesis of cardiac conduction, heart block and ventricular fibrillation...

..Communicating results to both risk managers and consumers will be a considerable challenge...

..Further epidemiological and biological evidence will allow a firmer conclusion to be drawn...

..To evaluate the spectrum of electrocardiographic (ECG) changes in 1000 junior (18 or under) elite athletes...

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..13 (95% CI 0.09-0.17) g/dl lower per copy of allele A (P = 1.6 x 10(-13)). Our findings suggest that TMPRSS6, a regulator of hepcidin synthesis and iron handling, is crucial in hemoglobin level maintenance...

..To test the hypothesis that methadone is responsible for a greater increase in overdose deaths than heroin, and causes proportionally more overdose deaths than heroin at weekends...

..This paper provides an update on the first analysis of FOS data...

..3). The most productive approach may therefore be to combine the 'power of the extreme' in small, well-phenotyped cohorts, with targeted follow-up in case-control and population cohorts...

..In this paper, we review the underlying mechanisms of death and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of current international guidelines for the identification and treatment of high-risk patients...

..Increased risk of various congenital anomalies has been reported to be associated with trihalomethane (THM) exposure in the water supply...

..Either way, our findings do not support the postulate of a recent worsening of male reproductive health of the scale suggested by some recent commentators on the endocrine disruptor hypothesis...

..The potential problems associated with using this glucoside metabolite as a marker of ethanol consumption are considered...

..Trends in cholangiocarcinoma in most other industrialized countries are unknown. To further study trends in hepatobiliary and pancreatic tumours, we analysed mortality data from the United States, Japan, Australia and Europe...

..This approach should be of value in considering interpopulation patterns of drug metabolism in epidemiological and pharmacogenetic studies...

..The NMR-based metabolic screening strategy provides a new objective approach for evaluation of self-reported medication data and is extendable to other aspects of population xenometabolome profiling...

..Ingestion of drinking-water-disinfection byproducts such as trihalomethanes (THMs) has been associated with hypospadias in a small sample. We examined risk of hypospadias and exposure to THMs through water consumption and use...

..We investigated whether SLC2A9 is a functional urate transporter that contributes to the longstanding association between urate and blood pressure in man...

..We compared our results to those of an individual patient data analysis, with similar findings. We conclude that the association between alcohol and breast cancer may be causal...

..A series of validation studies was recommended to test the robustness of the draft sample handling and storage protocol...

..The associations remained after adjustment for participant's own birth weight or gestational age. Women born before gestational week 37 had a 2-fold risk for gestational hypertension in their first pregnancy (RR: 2.53; 95% CI: 1.0, 6.2)...

..In summary, food omega-3 PFA intake related inversely to blood pressure, including in nonhypertensive persons, with small estimated effect size. Food omega-3 PFA may contribute to prevention and control of adverse blood pressure levels...

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..Using proximity to roads as a proxy for exposure to road traffic pollution, we examined the hypothesis that living near main roads increases the risk of stroke mortality...

..42/-0.98 mm Hg (P<0.05 for both) with 2 SD higher intake (4.04% kcal). Dietary linoleic acid intake may contribute to prevention and control of adverse blood pressure levels in general populations...

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..Increased BMI is associated with diabetes risk factors, including raised insulin, glucose, and triglycerides. We aimed to test whether FTO genotype is associated with variation in these metabolic traits...

..We speculate that G6PC2 regulates FPG by modulating the set point for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells...

..There is no population-based prospective study concerning the relation between serum albumin and mortality in a non-Western population, and few previous studies included the subgroup analysis stratified by serum cholesterol level...

..Evidence exists that normal gestational length varies with ethnicity. This UK-based study compares gestational length amongst a cohort of white European, Black and Asian women...