Tim Coulson

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..The age-structured Price equation we derive has the potential to provide considerable insight into the processes generating now frequently reported cases of rapid phenotypic change...

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..7. The approach we describe has the potential to explain within and between species patterns in quantitative characters, life history and population dynamics...

..The simple method we develop has potential to provide substantial insight into the relative contributions of population and individual-level processes to the dynamics of populations in stochastic environments...

..Our results suggest that there is substantial opportunity for evolutionary dynamics to leave an ecological signature and visa versa...

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..Our results enable us to explain why selection has so little effect even though weight is heritable, and why environmental change has caused a decline in the body size of Soay sheep...

..Our results help explain how a shift in phenology can cause simultaneous phenotypic and demographic changes, and highlight the need for a theory integrating ecological and evolutionary dynamics in stochastic environments...

..We demonstrate that although heterozygosity is associated with some components of fitness, most notably adult male reproductive success, in general it is only weakly associated with population growth...

..Statistical results are reliable only if the whole sampling regime is standardized. We derive practical guidelines for field studies and data analysis...

..In conclusion, we demonstrate how a trait-based demographic approach provides further insight into transient population dynamics...

..This potentially informative detail is neglected by deterministic analysis, yet it highlights one difficulty when extrapolating results from long-term analysis to shorter-term environmental change...

..Analyses using dominance or age at primiparity to define maternal quality showed no significant interactions with population density, highlighting the difficulties of defining a consistent measure of individual quality...

..Focusing on one aspect of life history - survival or recruitment - can provide reliable information on overall senescence...

..These results also demonstrate the importance of correcting for age when identifying factors associated with changes in seabird phenology...

..This suggests that even moderate costs of reproduction may have a major negative effect on population dynamics of ungulates...

..These findings suggest that there may be predictable differences in the age-related shape of the cost of reproduction between species, but further research is required to identify the mechanisms generating such differences...

..However, it crashes under intense harvesting resulting in a population skewed to light, young and, therefore, less reproductive animals...

..Understanding this relationship and its consequences for population persistence and evolutionary change demands closer examination of the lives, and deaths, of the individuals within populations within species...

..We apply our new approximation to 46 mammalian life tables (including humans) and show that it is on par with the most prominent other approximations...

..6. Our findings highlight the need to consider demographic processes and density dependence in subpopulations before drawing conclusions about how behaviour affects population processes in socially complex systems...

..We advocate that stochastic demography can offer a powerful approach to identify and understand the circumstances under which genetic polymorphisms can be maintained in stochastic environments...

..We discuss key questions in population biology that can be examined using these models, the answers to which are essential for a general, population-level understanding of eco-evolutionary change...

..The results are relevant for wild boar management but, more generally, they demonstrate how single-locus HFCs could be used to identify coding loci under selection in free-living populations...

..We suggest that the appropriate choice of scale and definition requires a good understanding of the ecology and life history of the study species. Our findings contrast with several common assumptions about roe deer behavior...

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..Although there would be environmental benefits in reducing deer numbers, there is an equal need to reduce the numbers of hill sheep in many parts of the Highlands...

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..We argue that both increasing female population size and decreasing polygyny could explain the decline in female population genetic structure...

..Following model averaging, features that were not previously detected, and which are of ecological importance, are identified...

..Conversely, if heterosis provides the answer, there need to be many more polymorphisms with major fitness effects and higher levels of linkage disequilibrium than are generally assumed...