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..There was no evidence of bone ingrowth in the human implants. It was hypothesized that-tunnel enlargement resulted from fretting at the implant-tissue interface in response to cyclic loads in use...

..The contribution of the MPFL to resisting patellar lateral subluxation was greatest in the extended knee. This finding was linked to the retinaculae being tightest in full knee extension, and slackening with flexion...

..are responsible for posterior knee stability near extension, and this, along with the action of the meniscofemoral ligaments, may explain why an isolated rupture of the posterior cruciate ligament does not often lead to knee instability..

..This study confirms the existence of an isometric zone close to the posterior end of Blumensaat's line under several loading conditions. Other graft attachment points are less suitable for ACL reconstruction...

..The anatomic variation causes some knees to have better ligament orientations to withstand posterolateral tibial displacements and, conversely, other knees may be inherently more difficult to stabilize by reconstruction...

..Cadaver joints were run in a knee simulator, with deliberately impinging ACL implants. SEM examination of implants abraded in the knee in vitro showed identical fiber damage patterns, thus confirming the impingement hypothesis...

..The last was not significantly weaker than the MPFL itself...

..This abnormal movement was abolished after reconstruction of the ACL...

..There was no effect on medial stability. There is a complex interaction between these structures, with their contributions to loss of lateral patellar stability varying with knee flexion...

..001). This study has provided objective biomechanical data to support the use of trochleoplasty in the treatment of patellar instability associated with femoral trochlear dysplasia...

..Cyclical load testing reflects the repetitive forces imposed in the early post-operative period following hamstring anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and is important for the evaluation of graft fixations...

..These findings may be helpful in the future comparison of different studies...

..They both attach distally to the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus. Their slanting orientation allows the MFLs to resist tibial posterior drawer...

..4 +/- 3.2 mm. Although further research is needed to improve the accuracy and reliability of this method, it has demonstrated the feasibility of obtaining patellar tracking data during load-bearing activities...

..9 N; range, 3.7-22 N) and highest in abduction (mean, 15.7 N; range, 6.5-38 N). This study confirms CA ligament tension in vivo as a possible stimulus for acromial spur formation...

..We concluded that the DBPS plus Kessler-type core stitch will survive active mobilization better than the Kleinert method...

..However, potential size mismatches should be carefully borne in mind by surgeons using meniscal allografts...

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..Our finding that lateral patellar displacement occurred at the lowest restraining force when the knee was flexed 20 degrees agrees with clinical experience of patellar instability...

..The increased incidence of MFLs in younger donors suggests that they degenerate with age...

..These results confirm that meniscal repair by suturing gives the highest load to failure, but show that Arrows give superior hold under lower loads, with the least gapping across repairs under cyclic loading of the four methods tested...

..The information would serve as the basis for future biomechanical studies to investigate the contribution of the posteromedial structures to joint stability...

..This novel application of RSA to measure soft tissue migration is practicable and can be extended to in vivo studies...

..A further cause could be reduced biomechanical properties in the area most susceptible to tears. However, no work has defined these properties...

..When harvesting B-PT-B, the oblique orientation of the fibres in the coronal plane must be borne in mind...

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..Differential strain causes shearing between the layers of the supraspinatus tendon, which may contribute to the propagation of intratendinous defects that are initiated by high joint side strains...

..This is necessary for clinical application and to facilitate communication between the clinician and the engineer...

..The device is a useful tool for measuring joint motion in the operating theatre and laboratory, owing to its accuracy and insensitivity to surgical alloys...

..036). However, the absolute difference was only 0.5 mm. Such a small difference is unlikely to be clinically detectable and, therefore, we conclude that there is no clinically significant difference between the two types of fixation...

..05) and 7 (P<0.01). Although numerous factors affect BMD changes around cementless implants, this study suggests that less bone loss can be associated with the titanium CLS stem...

..The model provided a definitive interpretation of joint pathology and enabled a full assessment of the degree of injury...

..Double-bundle PCL reconstruction was not better than single-bundle, so the added complexity of double-bundle reconstruction does not seem to be justified by these results...

..It is known to resist caudal translation of the tibia in conjunction with the lateral meniscus. This must be borne in mind when considering its function in the human knee...

..These findings suggest that lateral retinacular release may not be appropriate in treatment of patellar lateral instability...

..This paper reviews the consequences of meniscectomy and summarises the body of evidence in the literature regarding those factors most relevant to long-term outcome...

..In several cases this acetabular friction was found to be less than the friction in the inner articulation of the Hastings bipolar hip prosthesis, and this may explain some cases of reported failure of biarticular function...

..Mechanical testing showed that the suture kept its strength long enough to unite tendon ends. However, high tissue reactivity of polytrimethylene carbonate during its dissolution caused adhesions...

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..The glenoid labrum has similar tensile material properties to articular cartilage. Its elastic modulus varies around its circumference. This suggests that the labrum may encounter different forces at different positions...

..This increase was due to the technique; it did not depend on the suture material used. The bulk of the tendon repair was not significantly greater with the Halsted modification...

..3 metric) sutures were preferable: gap formation at the repair site occurred at the highest force. Finer gauge (10/0) sutures snapped at a lower force, while thicker (8/0) sutures were less consistent and pulled out of the nerve tissue...