J M S Pearce

..The Dandy-Walker syndrome, surgery for aneurysms and cerebellopontine angle tumours were but a few areas where he made his mark and left a lasting legacy of neurosurgical endeavour...

..Since PSP appears to be a heterogeneous syndrome, its precise nosology remains uncertain...

..Walshe is also remembered for his powers of literacy and stringent scientific criticism, which he often displayed with magnificent panache...

..Around 1600, he established himself in Stratford. In June 1607 Hall married Susanna, Shakespeare's elder daughter. He died in 1635, an eminent Stratford physician and herbalist...

..It traces succinctly the subsequent fate of the unique anatomy book that has influenced and instructed almost every student of medicine...

..Anatomy advanced gradually to yield discoveries of the complex tracts and grey matter elements of the cord and their functions. Amongst many distinguished exponents, the works of Blasius, Huber, Vicq d'Azyr and Stilling are emphasised...

..Historical review...

..After Locock, he was largely responsible for the general use of bromide--in his day the only effective anticonvulsant...

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..Among several important and original contributions, this paper summarises his work on myxoedema, paraplegia and anorexia nervosa...

..His several major clinical contributions included: a classic description of achondroplasia, progressive facial hemiatrophy, and an unmistakable description of the pupils in tertiary syphilis before E.J. Remak and Argyll Robertson...

..Most papers on Broca's work contain only brief, derivative references to his 1861 paper; the actual contents, translated into English, are reproduced here...

..This paper shows that Lichtheim first combined the two observations, and illustrates the excellent descriptions in 1890 of James Putnam and Charles Dana. The most complete early account was that of Russell, Batten and Collier in 1900...

..Subsequent refinement of radiology facilitated diagnosis and the later advent of surgical treatment...

..His career and these contributions are outlined...

..Much criticism and debate ensued. A gifted man, Flourens also advanced the physiology of the vestibular apparatus and described the anaesthetic properties of ether...

..He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1868. In addition to his reputation as a neurological diagnostician and intellectual, he became an advocate of the vexed doctrine of abiogenesis...

..Ernest Charles Lasegue, a student friend of Claude Bernard, and a favourite pupil of Trousseau wrote of a refusal of food that may be indefinitely prolonged. Historical precedence is explored and citations included...

..One of the greatest physical scientists in many spheres of learning, his biography is briefly sketched...

..This paper records a patient of Osler's, who showed many features compatible with the Churg-Strauss syndrome of allergic granulomatous angiitis to be described 50 years later...

..He described juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and vividly and accurately portrayed many other clinical phenomena of epilepsy...

..The sign though inconstant, is still a valuable clinical clue...

..He was uncertain whether this was a variant of acute multiple sclerosis or of Schilder's disease. The basis of concentric sclerosis is still unclear though current opinion favours a variant of acute multiple sclerosis...

..This paper recalls his use of camphor to induce epileptic fits, which were considered a remedy for psychosis. The initiation of the art of percussion by Auenbrugger is outlined, with a brief biographical sketch...

..The mechanisms and clinical diagnostic value are discussed...

..Traumatic lesions in boxers, rare congenital expanding cysts causing hydrocephalus, and a number of septo-optic dysplasias give clinical significance to the septum and its related cavum...

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..The name of Armand Trousseau must stand alongside those of Charcot, Oppenheim, Jackson and Gowers in the annals of neurology...

..We should also recognise and try to eliminate the contribution made by doctors and health workers who mistakenly aid and abet a 'culture' that promotes this state of chronic disability..

..The history and clinical significance are discussed...

..This notion was later expanded and clarified by Geschwind's 'disconnection syndromes'. This article summarises the history of this important and common pattern of motor dysfunction...

..The evolution of laughter in a social context is appraised. Pathological laughter arises rarely, usually caused by diseases of the frontal or temporal lobes, and in hypothalamic hamartomata in children...

..It reviews Pitres' rule (recovery of the most used acquired language) and Ribot's law (recovery of the native language) that are important concepts during recovery and rehabilitation of bilingual aphasiacs...

..These dissociations suggest some degree of autonomy in the function of these mechanisms...