John H Lazarus

..Screening for both thyroid dysfunction and thyroid antibodies ideally at a preconception clinic but certainly in early gestation is recommended...

..Recent studies have shown an increase in both Th2 and Th1 cytokine release from lymphocytes in ante partum women destined to develop PPTD. More data are required on the cellular immune changes both ante partum and post partum in PPT...

..PPTD can be predicted by measurement of antiTPOAb in early gestation...

..To describe the significance of low thyroid-stimulating hormone in pregnancy...

..The probability is that a reduction of the incidence of GO will be achieved by influencing the environmental factors...

..Children born to women with low thyroid hormone levels have been reported to have decreased cognitive function...

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..Another approach is to at least improve the prediction of postpartum thyroid disease (PPT) because the TPO antibody has a sensitivity of only 50%...

..Radioiodine therapy is contraindicated in pregnancy but thyroid surgery may be performed safely in the second trimester. Autoimmune thyroiditis and Graves' hyperthyroidism occur quite commonly in postpartum women...

..There is no clinical benefit of lithium therapy in thyroid cancer. More research is required on the cellular proliferative effects of lithium as well as its impact on the immune system...

..However, no randomized clinical trial has been performed to ascertain the optimum glucocorticoid therapy...

..There are important implications for possible screening for thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy arising from these studies...

..The risk of recurrent PPT is 70% if previous PPT was experienced and 25% if the patient was euthyroid after the first pregnancy...

..Evaluation of strategies to screen thyroid function in early pregnancy. Areas timely for developing research are the following: placental thyroid hormone physiology, thyroid hormone therapy and screening thyroid function...

..Women having transient PPTD with hypothyroidism should be monitored frequently, as there is a 50% chance of these patients developing hypothyroidism during the next 7 years...

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..Differentiation by measurement of TsAb and thyroidal iodine uptake is important because of therapeutic considerations...

..We report a case series of three patients with this condition, the changes in thyroid function tests during their pregnancies, and their obstetric outcome...

..Salt iodination was made compulsory in 1993 but there has been no recent study, using modern techniques, of its benefits or harmful effects...

..The various methods used to assess arterial function are reviewed and the changes demonstrated in human and animal models of thyroid dysfunction...

..These results indicate an evolution of thyroid autoimmune markers during the course of iodine prophylaxis, which has not been described before...

..The use of rh-TSH in stimulating Tg prior to testing has improved the sensitivity of Tg values in the suppressed state...

..We recommend TPOAb in early pregnancy as a useful predictor of PPTD, particularly in populations where PPTD does not occur in TPOAb-negative women...

..To determine the incidence and clinical predictors of hypothyroidism in one institution after radioiodine treatment of solitary toxic nodules...

..There is a significant rate of hypothyroidism in long-term follow-up of women who have transient postpartum thyroid dysfunction...

..The significance of this cluster requires further clarification...

..Thyroid antibody testing is not routinely available in developing countries, and few studies have measured thyroid antibodies in Africans. The significance of thyroid autoimmunity in an African setting is thus unclear...

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..The effects of lithium treatment on the thyroid gland have been demonstrated in a number of studies. Most of this research is based on cross-sectional studies and prospective studies are required to confirm these observations...

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..We identified the epitopes on Tg recognized by TgAb-positive sera from patients with DTC and examined the association between epitope specificity patterns and Tg recovery...

..The effects of drugs and pregnancy on thyroid function have also been investigated widely. This short review attempts to give an overview and clarify the current management of common thyroid disorders...

..The cardiac effects of RTH have been described but vascular function has yet to be fully evaluated in this condition. We have measured the arterial function of those with RTH to assess any vascular changes...

..The prevalence of islet cell, thyroid, adrenal and celiac disease related autoantibodies in patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (Type 1 DM) from Sri Lanka is described...

..We speculate that this case suggests a minimal role of autoimmunity in the development of subacute thyroiditis...

..Thus, the immunological determinants of PPTD may in part occur antenatally, although the mechanism(s) for this is still unclear...

..CONCLUSION: Tg epitope reactivity pattern in iodised populations may identify subjects at greater risk of developing autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD)...

..This study was performed to determine clinical features of dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) across Europe...

..7%, P less than 0.05) was significantly greater (P less than 0.05) than the rise in the placebo group (8.8%). Nadolol increases triglyceride more than placebo during the early management of hyperthyroidism...

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..Furthermore, these abnormalities are reversed after adequate T(4) replacement...

..CONCLUSIONS: Arterial stiffness was increased in SCH and improved with l-thyroxine, which may be beneficial, whereas myocardial functional reserve was similar to controls and remained unaltered after treatment...

..The mutant protein exhibits impaired DNA binding and loss of transcriptional function. Our observations represent the first description of a genetic cause for thyroid agenesis...

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..Uncontrolled thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy is associated with adverse fetal and maternal outcomes...

..00001). These results indicate that there is only a limited role for measurement of CRP levels in the diagnosis of thyroid diseases other than subacute thyroiditis...

..The European Group on Graves' Orbitopathy aims to overcome this and has designed a preliminary case record form (CRF) to assess Graves' orbitopathy patients. This form was used in this first multi-center study...

..CONCLUSION: There was an excess of reported total and negative life events in women with postnatal depression, but this was independent of thyroid antibody status or function...