N Craddock

..They suggest that a postnatal onset definition of within 6-8 weeks of delivery may be optimal in studies of the triggering of depressive illness by childbirth...

..abstract:..

..This study presents the method and socio-demographic details of the first 470 affected sibling pairs recruited from 8 different sites in Europe and the United States of America...

..We aim to investigate the effect of this variant on propensity for migraine and to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies of MTHFR and migraine to date...

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..We conclude that if psychiatry is to translate the opportunities offered by new research methodologies, we must finally abandon a 19th-century dichotomy and move to a classificatory approach that is worthy of the 21st century...

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..Our method of phenotype refinement may be useful in studies of other complex psychiatric and non-psychiatric disorders...

..On the 200th birthday of psychiatry, it is fitting to reconsider the specialty's core values and renew efforts to use psychiatric skills for the maximum benefit of patients...

..Future identification of psychosis susceptibility genes will have a major impact on our understanding of disease pathophysiology and will lead to changes in classification and the clinical practice of psychiatry...

..This latter limitation is particularly pertinent in the context of the increasing evidence for the existence of a broader bipolar spectrum than has been acknowledged within existing classifications...

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..In this review, we consider the current state of evidence and the implications both for further studies of COMT and more generally for studies of other genes...

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..The allelic association at the ZNF804A locus is now one of the most compelling in schizophrenia to date, and supports the accumulating data suggesting overlapping genetic risk between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder...

..Although many of these phenotypes are heritable, it would be useful to know whether any of the various diagnostic categories in current use identify cases that are particularly helpful for biological-genetic research...

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..However, the evidence across all approaches suggests that further study of this locus is warranted...

..Recent data provide strong support for a substantial common polygenic contribution (i.e. many alleles each of small effect) to genetic susceptibility for schizophrenia and overlapping susceptibility for bipolar disorder...

..The purpose of this study was to identify the specific expanded CAG/CTG trinucleotide repeat associated with bipolar disorder...

..Our results do not support the hypothesis that moderately rare non-synonymous variants at the ZNF804A locus are involved in schizophrenia susceptibility. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc...

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..Our analyses show that association signals are enriched in and around genes, large numbers of genes contribute to both disorders and gene-wide analyses offer useful complementary approaches to more standard methods...

..Moreover, our data show that notwithstanding the likely developmental origin of schizophrenia, studies of adult brain tissue can, in principle, allow relevant susceptibility eQTLs to be identified...

..No statistically significant differences were found between transmitted and not transmitted alleles for any of the polymorphisms studied...

..84, d.f. = 1, P = 0.014. Our data support the hypothesis that variation in the COMT gene modifies the course of bipolar disorder...

..There may be evidence of G x E on associated antisocial behavior in ADHD, but further investigation is needed...

..17 (95% CI 1.06-1.29), P=0.0009). The SNP maps 85 kb from the nearest gene encoding fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) making this a potential susceptibility gene for schizophrenia...

..The use of trios will confirm or reject any suggested differences, thus reducing the false-positive rate that can be created by hidden population stratification...

..No evidence was found for the involvement of variants within the CUX2 coding, or 5' UTR sequence in producing susceptibility to bipolar disorder...

..820, P = 0.047, 1-tail). Our data therefore provide modest support for the hypothesis that polymorphism in the hKCa3 gene may contribute to susceptibility to schizophrenia...

..In sequencing exon 11 in 506 cases and 1,211 controls for variants that occurred only once, 4 additional rare variants were found in cases (P-value = 0.008, Fisher's exact trend test)...

..032, OR=1.118). Our findings add to the evidence that association at this locus influences susceptibility to bipolar and unipolar mood disorders...

..2. With the steady reduction in genotyping costs and the availability of common sets of "population controls" this design is likely to become increasingly cost effective...

..Analysis of allele and genotype distributions for all six variations, and of haplotype frequencies showed no evidence for the involvement of ATP2A2 in producing susceptibility to bipolar disorder...

..The identification of these, and other susceptibility genes, will open up new avenues for research aimed at understanding the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, and will catalyse a re-appraisal of the classification of psychiatric disorders...

..093 times per genome scan, ILOD = 2.83). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings identify loci that may harbour genes that play a role in susceptibility to, or modify the risk of, episodes of major depression in people with schizophrenia...

..001), where some of the variance was accounted for by the genotype at ss24735177. Our findings thus indicate the potential functional relevance of the associated haplotype and now require replication in independent samples...

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..We conclude that there is no evidence of a common major gene for bipolar affective disorder at Xq25-q27 in our set of families...

..It is caused by mutations in a single gene, ATP2A2, which is expressed in the skin and brain...

..We conclude that replication is required and that further work examining for association of GRIN2A polymorphisms with ADHD is warranted...

..A small but significant proportion of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) report mild manic symptoms which are below the diagnostic threshold for a hypomanic episode...

..This supports the hypothesis that the DD gene has pleiotropic effects in brain and that mutations in SERCA2 are implicated in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders...

..R726L and P516S occur at highly conserved amino acids. Further study is required to assess whether these VAPSEs contribute to the risk of alcoholism or phobia or other diseases...

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..The authors conducted a search by systematic whole genome linkage scan for loci influencing vulnerability to bipolar affective puerperal psychosis...

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..Here we compare the clinical profile of major depression for men and women from a sample of almost 600 well-characterized individuals with recurrent major depressive disorder (MDD)...

..Our data provide complementary evidence for chromosome 8p as a susceptibility locus for schizophrenia, and suggest that genetic variation within this region may influence risk, at least in part, through effects on DTNBP1 expression...

..These data provide the first detailed illustration of the genetic relationship between these common inflammatory bowel diseases...

..009). These mutations suggest that a possible association between MECP2 mutations and autism may warrant further study...

..Such features should alert a clinician to a possible bipolar course. This is important because optimal management is not the same for bipolar and unipolar depression...

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..A dimensional rather than a categorical approach to depressive phenotype definition may be more useful for identification of susceptibility genes...

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..0077). Despite relatively small numbers, this study provides evidence to support the hypothesis that puerperal episodes identify a more familial subtype of bipolar disorder...

..We conclude that variation in the coding sequence and flanking splice junctions of the ERalpha gene does not play an important pathogenic role in the majority of cases of Bipolar Disorder or Bipolar Affective Puerperal Psychosis...

..We are undertaking association studies in women with postpartum psychosis at a number of candidate genes of interest in BP disorder with an emphasis on those for which the expression is influenced by steroid hormones...

..The regions identified underscore the importance of pathways influencing pancreatic beta cell development and function in the etiology of type 2 diabetes...

..Three family-based studies have shown association of the common Valine (Val) allele of the Val66Met polymorphism of the BDNF gene with susceptibility to bipolar disorder...

..Abnormalities of cognitive style in bipolar disorder are of both clinical and theoretical importance...

..Follow-up of this region should use samples enriched for cases of schizoaffective disorder. Our findings have similar implications for the search for genetic variation on chromosome 22q11 that influences susceptibility to psychosis...

..Both the 12q and the 15q findings remained significant at genome-wide level when the data from the present study and the previous reports were combined...

..One uncommon missense variant was found in each of the RARbeta, RARgamma, and RXRgamma genes. We conclude that structural variants in the RAR/RXR and NURR1 genes do not play a major role in the etiology of schizophrenia...

..The most consistent finding has been that one particular haplotype (the "core" haplotype) is overrepresented in cases compared with control subjects...

..In conclusion, we describe three novel structural variants of the Vitamin D receptor. Further study is required to clarify their role, if any, in psychiatric disease...

..We previously reported that variation at a specific 3-locus haplotype influences susceptibility to schizophrenia in a large United Kingdom (UK) Caucasian case-control sample...

..Further molecular genetic analysis of this region is required to identify the gene(s)...

..We also illustrate the use of the method for taking account of a dimensional measure of psychosis in a study of the schizophrenia susceptibility gene, dysbindin, in bipolar disorder...

..Variation at the DAOA/G30 locus has been described to be associated with both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, but there is little consistency between studies of the tested polymorphisms or variants showing association...

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..Our data provide strong convergent evidence that variation in OLIG2 confers susceptibility to schizophrenia alone and as part of a network of genes implicated in oligodendrocyte function...

..Our data provide evidence for association between bipolar mood disorder and markers on chromosome 12q23-q24 but need replication in independent samples...

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..A history of bipolar episodes prior to the puerperal psychosis did not predict risk following subsequent pregnancies, but positive family history of mental illness predicted shorter time to non-puerperal relapse...

..We have undertaken within- and between-individual comparisons of the clinical presentation of postnatal (PN) and non-postnatal (NPN) depressive episodes in women with recurrent depression...

..Further work is needed to examine these phenotype issues...

..Psychiatrists, who will have to administer such tests, appear significantly more cautious...

..No pathogenic triplet repeat has yet been unambiguously implicated...

..However, several fundamental methodological issues require rectification in future research in order to further elucidate the relationship between these disorders...

..38, P=0.004) and appetite gain (exp(B)=2.19, P<0.001). Sex significantly modifies clinical features of depression and an earlier onset of depression and atypical depressive symptoms occur more frequently in women...

..Our results establish genomewide significant linkage to BP on chromosomes 6q and 8q, which provides solid information to guide future gene-finding efforts that rely on fine-mapping and association approaches...

..1; pedigree 5501, maximum LOD=3.6)...

..We note that meta-analysis can sometimes provide support for linkage but cannot disprove linkage in any candidate region...

..This paper critically reviews the literature on milder forms of high mood occurring in the puerperium and discusses the potential clinical and research significance of 'the highs'...

..It is likely that the controversy surrounding anticipation and the existence of triplet repeats will only finally be resolved with the demonstration of such a mutation in the aetiology of bipolar disorder...

..68, P=0.022). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides further evidence of the association between primiparity and puerperal psychosis and suggests that complications during delivery may be associated with a severe post-partum episode...

..Few studies have examined the rates of physical disorders in those with recurrent depression...