Naomi E Allen

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..To investigate the lifestyle and nutritional determinants of serum bioavailable androgens and their related hormones in men...

..These results suggest that soy milk intake, as a marker of isoflavone intake, is not associated with serum sex hormone concentrations among free-living Western men...

..0003). Because of the rarity of this variant allele, larger studies are needed to additionally clarify the role of the A49T polymorphism in androgen metabolism...

..0001) and explained most of the differences in IGF-I concentration between the diet groups. These data suggest that a plant-based diet is associated with lower circulating levels of total IGF-I and higher levels of IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2...

..78, 95% CI, 0.27-2.25). These results suggest that selenium is not strongly associated with prostate cancer risk in British men...

..In summary, the results of this large nested case-control study provide no evidence in support of a protective effect of circulating concentrations of vitamin D on the risk of prostate cancer...

..Plausible biological mechanisms underlie possible associations between fatty acids in blood and risk of prostate cancer; epidemiologic evidence for an association, however, is inconsistent...

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..Few prospective studies have examined the mortality of vegetarians...

..To evaluate the association between lifestyle and dietary factors and serum concentrations of androgens in middle-aged healthy men...

..These findings suggest that animal and/or plant protein may affect the risk of urothelial cell carcinoma, and examination of these associations in other studies is needed...

..Some evidence indicates that a low selenium intake may be associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer...

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..Our results suggest that dietary fiber intake is not associated with prostate cancer risk...

..Phytanic acid, a fatty acid predominantly obtained from foods high in ruminant fat, may have a biological role in the up-regulation of the protein alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase, which is overexpressed in prostate cancer tissue...

..Previous studies suggest that high plasma concentrations of carotenoids, retinol, or tocopherols may reduce the risk of prostate cancer...

..19; 95% CI, 1.06-4.50), but was based on small numbers. In conclusion, women who currently use HT have a moderate increased risk of ovarian cancer, and which may be stronger for estrogen-only than estrogen plus progestin preparations...

..The increased risk associated with tibolone use requires further investigation...

..In this study, we investigate the association between circulating IGF-I concentration and risk of prostate cancer over the long term in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study...

..We examined the association between circulating concentrations of genistein and prostate cancer risk in a case-control study nested in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition...

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..The objective was to investigate differences in vitamin D intake and plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D among meat eaters, fish eaters, vegetarians and vegans...

..To describe the lifestyle characteristics and nutrient intakes of the Oxford cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)...

..Our results show no significant association of estrogen-only or estrogen plus progestin therapy with colorectal cancer risk...

..Few prospective studies have examined cancer incidence among vegetarians...

..In conclusion, relatively high blood concentrations of estrogens and free testosterone are associated with an increased endometrial cancer risk in postmenopausal women...

..These data show that a diet high in fat from dairy products is associated with increased plasma phytanic acid concentration, which may play a role in cancer development...

..Some studies suggest that elevated serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I concentrations are associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer and, in particular, with an increased risk of advanced-stage prostate cancer...

..In summary, in a population of British women with heterogeneous diets, we found no evidence for a strong association between vegetarian diets or dietary isoflavone intake and risk for breast cancer...

..Height and BMI are risk factors for several types of cancer and may be related to circulating concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), a peptide associated with increased cancer risk...

..Three prospective studies have examined the mortality of vegetarians in Britain...

..Age-related cataract is a major cause of morbidity. Previous studies of diet and cataract risk have focused on specific nutrients or healthy eating indexes but not on identifiable dietary groups such as vegetarians...

..Our results indicate that macronutrient intake is not associated with risk of renal cell carcinoma in this cohort of European men and women...

..With the exception of breast cancer, little is known about the effect of moderate intakes of alcohol, or of particular types of alcohol, on cancer risk in women...

..To assess the epidemiological evidence on diet and cancer and make public health recommendations...

..Nutrition might affect breast cancer risk by altering levels of growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor-I. Current dietary advice should be to avoid obesity, limit alcohol intake, and maintain a varied diet...

..The risk factors for fractures are incompletely understood. An outstanding question concerns the optimal amount of dietary calcium needed to minimise the risk of fracture...

..These results suggest that although germline variation in CYP19A1 characterized by the htSNPs produces measurable differences in sex hormone concentrations in men, they do not substantially influence risk of prostate cancer...

..To examine the associations of a vegetarian diet and dietary fibre intake with risk of diverticular disease...

..The markedly increased risk of fractures associated with bicycling, and the moderately increased risk associated with other exercise and sports, are probably the result of an increased incidence of injury...

..Some, but not all, published results have shown an association between circulating blood levels of some insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins (IGFBPs) and the subsequent risk for prostate cancer...

..To assess the effects on the performance characteristics, in a prostate-cancer detection programme using prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, of a lower PSA threshold and the incorporation of reflex (free or complexed PSA) tests...

..CC homozygotes: 1.12, 0.96-1.32). These findings show that while variation in the lactase gene is associated with milk intake in men, the lactase polymorphism does not have a large effect on prostate cancer risk...

..15 (95% confidence interval: 0.82, 1.61) and 0.95 (95% confidence interval: 0.80, 1.13), respectively. These results were not affected by adjustment for potential confounders and were consistent across a number of subgroups...

..005)). The authors found no strong evidence that associations between GWAS-identified SNPs and prostate cancer are modified by circulating concentrations of IGF-1, sex hormones, or their major binding proteins...

..Prudent advice is to eat a varied diet including plenty of fruit, vegetables, and cereals to maintain a healthy bodyweight with the help of regular physical activity and to restrict consumption of alcohol...

..We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic performance of these tests among men with PSA levels between 2 and 10 ng/ml...

..Plasma concentrations of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are lower in vegetarians and in vegans than in omnivores. No data are available on whether these concentrations differ between long- and short-term vegetarians and vegans...

..CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that dietary factors may not be strong determinants of prostate cancer in these Japanese men, although the increased risk associated with a high consumption of fish warrants further study...

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..39-0.73). The classification of aMT6S concentrations in first morning voids from postmenopausal women appears to be sufficiently reproducible to justify its use as a marker for long-term exposure to melatonin in epidemiological studies...

..This report investigates the effects of biased and nonequimolar assays on the decision to recommend a patient for a prostate biopsy based on age-specific PSA values...

..The heterogeneity of results on the associations of fT with ovarian cancer risk in postmenopausal women deserves further investigation...

..This study provides additional evidence for a protective effect of physical activity on breast cancer risk...

..bottom quartile = 1.28 [95% CI 0.67-2.45], p(trend) = 0.42. Our results provide modest support to the hypothesis that hyperinsulinaemia is a risk factor for endometrial cancer...

..However, they suggest a possible role of the ACC-alpha common sequence variants in susceptibility to breast cancer and encourage studies of other genes involved in fatty acid synthesis...

..No clear colorectal cancer risk associations were observed for IGFBP-1 or -2. This large prospective study confirms that hyperinsulinemia, as determined by C-peptide levels, is associated with an increased colorectal cancer risk...

..Although the period of follow-up is relatively short, the results provide no evidence for an association between fish intake and breast cancer risk...

..To evaluate the association of socioeconomic position with adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus and stomach...

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..The best-established risk factors are related to dys-regulation of immune function, and evidence suggests that factors such as dietary or lifestyle habits may be involved in the etiology...

..In addition to an overall inverse association with fruit intake, the results of this evaluation add evidence for a significant inverse association of vegetable consumption and lung cancer incidence in smokers...

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..CONCLUSIONS: In this collaborative analysis of the worldwide data on endogenous hormones and prostate cancer risk, serum concentrations of sex hormones were not associated with the risk of prostate cancer...

..Increases in the incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma in the past implicate environmental factors as potential causal agents...

..Future analysis should involve viral biomarkers and genetic susceptibility markers to elucidate potential mechanisms of smoking-induced carcinogenesis, particularly for Hodgkin's lymphoma...

..The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between prostate cancer risk and circulating concentrations of folate and vitamin B(12) in a large prospective cohort...

..To estimate the association between prediagnostic levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of chronic systemic inflammation, and subsequent development of ovarian cancer...

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..Here, we report on the results of a large and comprehensive study of the association between genetic variation in the AR gene and risk of breast cancer in the National Cancer Institute Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (BPC3)...