A Ruberantwari

..001), compared with subtype A, after adjusting for CD4 cell count at enrollment. In Africa, envelope subtype D is associated with faster disease progression, compared with subtype A...

..To describe study design, methods and baseline findings of a behavioural intervention alone and in combination with improved management of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) aimed at reducing HIV incidence and other STDs...

..However, longitudinal studies are susceptible to bias from added attention caused by study activities. We compare HIV-1 prevalence in previously and newly surveyed villages in rural southwest Uganda...

..Eosinophilia is most likely to be indicative of a type 2 immune response induced by helminth infection in this Ugandan cohort, but the mechanism of the observed association between eosinophilia and risk of TB remains to be determined...

..Possible interventions based on these findings are discussed, and a research agenda for the delivery of assertiveness training to girls is proposed...

..Individuals infected with subtype D had a higher average increase in viral load and this was statistically significant if adjusted for baseline levels and CD4 count (P=0.015)...

..To investigate the association between alcohol consumption and HIV sero-positivity in a rural Ugandan population...

..An association between HIV-1 and malaria is expected in theory, but has not been convincingly shown in practice. We studied the effects of HIV-1 infection and advancing immunosuppression on falciparum parasitaemia and clinical malaria...

..To report the initial AIDS defining conditions, CD4 lymphocyte counts around the time of AIDS diagnosis, and survival by AIDS defining condition in a population based cohort in rural Uganda...

..Out-patient clinic, Entebbe, Uganda...

..To evaluate the prevalence of palpable nodules or skin depigmentation as rapid indicators of onchocerciasis epidemicity in at-risk communities...

..These findings are placed in the context of other life skills/AIDS education programmes being introduced both in Uganda and elsewhere in Africa...

..The possibility that chronic helminth infection may suppress HIV replication and that effects on HIV replication may vary during helminth infection and treatment should be considered...

..The DNA sequences showed between 0.5 and 8.3% divergence from the cohort clade A or D consensus sequences. The sequences were not closely related to those published for other clade A or D proviruses...

..This proposed approach is suitable for epidemiological studies in Uganda and other regions with a predominance of A and D subtypes...

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..This was an observational cohort exposed to national health education messages, giving hope that similar campaigns elsewhere in Africa could be used effectively in efforts to control the HIV epidemic...

..001, chi(2) for trend). INTERPRETATION: Our findings of a significant drop in adult HIV-1 incidence in rural Ugandans give hope to AIDS control programmes elsewhere in sub-Saharan Africa where rates of HIV-1 infection remain high...

..Concerns exist about virological potency; efficacy has not been assessed in Africa...

..Training health workers to recognise and treat these conditions would serve the great majority of eye patients. Hospital activity data can be used cautiously to assess the relative frequency of NVIC in the community...

..To describe the resistance mutations selected by a first-line regimen of zidovudine/lamivudine/tenofovir in the absence of real-time viral load monitoring...

..To assess the impact of HIV-1 infection on mortality over five years in a rural Ugandan population...

..15; P = 0.15). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that although subtype A may have a slower progression than D, HIV-1 envelope subtype is not a major factor in determining the progression of HIV-1 disease in a rural population in Uganda...

..To determine the frequencies of HLA-B alleles in Ugandan patients in the NORA substudy of the DART trial and to compare HLA-B allele frequencies in those with and without clinically diagnosed hypersensitivity reaction (HSR)...

..In the present paper, we describe the prevalence of visual loss in rural Uganda and the screening accuracy of E-optotypes when used by non-medical staff...

..We investigated virological response and the emergence of resistance in the Nevirapine or Abacavir (NORA) substudy of the Development of Antiretroviral Treatment in Africa (DART) trial...

..3%; 95% CI, 0.01-0.9). Patients were managed successfully through the provision of clear guidelines and education of clinical staff, children, and their caregivers...