D Tousoulis

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..However, additional data are now being sought to assess the impact of this approach on clinical practice...

..This review summarizes the main aspects of myocardial metabolism and focuses on the therapeutic approaches that could offer clinical benefit in patients with stable angina...

..These drugs, which are currently approved as second-line treatments, have dynamically entered the clinical practice and their long-term effects are still under investigation...

..However, several issues with respect to the comprehension of the pathophysiology of the chronic coronary syndrome have not been fully elucidated...

..However, continued efforts must progress in these areas and the effects of therapeutic strategies in hypertensive patients need to be further explored in larger trials over a longer period of time...

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..In the current review, we summarize recent evidence of the most promising biomarkers and discuss their potential role in clinical practice in patients suffering from ACSs...

..Within this context, the present review sets out to discuss the role of new biomarkers assessing calcium deposition in coronary arteries and their role in the prognosis, progression, and treatment of cardiovascular disease...

..In the present review we will discuss the important role of nitric oxide in physiological endothelium and we will pinpoint the significance of this molecule in pathological states altering the endothelial function...

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..The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of the left atrium in beta-thalassemic patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) and no iron overload, using RT3DE...

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..Here, we present a critique of the existing literature about the role of L-arginine in the prevention of atherosclerosis...

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..Endothelium-dependent dilation (EDD) measured by gauge-strain plethysmography in the forearm is considered to be a reliable marker of endothelial function in forearm resistance vessels...

..Finally the statin dose and the interaction with co-administered drugs need to be studied...

..We searched for clinical determinants of oxidative stress status, endothelial function and inflammatory process in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation...

..Approaches using more-effective antioxidants or targeting myocardial oxidant-producing enzymes and oxidative or nitrosative stress might be promising strategies in the future...

..However, the mechanisms regulating ADMA synthesis in hypertension are unclear...

..However, the discussion of recent patents with the novel antioxidant strategies are required to clarify the role of antioxidant intervention in vascular diseases...

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..Whether specific agents target the CD40/CD40L system as well as its pathogenic role in ACS remains to be elucidated by large-scale studies in the future...

..However, the underlying mechanisms of the acute coronary syndromes are still obscure. We evaluated the differences of inflammatory and thrombotic markers, at the acute phase of unstable angina (UA) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI)...

..Despite of the fact that there are several strategies aiming to improve endothelial dysfunction by enhancing nitric oxide bioavailability, it is still unclear whether they could be beneficial at a clinical level...

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..However, randomised controlled trials are required to explore further whether drugs targeting the inflammatory process and endothelial function will constitute a reasonable adjunctive treatment for patients with coronary artery disease...

..However, all types of oils did not affect inflammatory process and systemic oxidative stress, suggesting that their effect on endothelial function may not be mediated by free radicals bioavailability...

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..In the present study, we sought to compare the effects of statins and xanthine oxidase inhibitors on circulating levels of MMPs and TIMPs in patients with chronic HF...

..In the future further, studies are necessary to elucidate the exact role of the new biochemical markers in ACS...

..Thus, more large scale clinical trials are required to evaluate the impact of statins on immune imbalance and its restoration in patients with CHF...

..New antioxidant strategies are needed to clarify the exact role of antioxidant treatment in coronary atherosclerosis...

..We compared the acute effects of several alcoholic beverages on endothelial function, inflammatory process and thrombosis/fibrinolysis system in young adults...

..Although the results of the recent clinical trials in this area are rather conflicting, these therapeutic approaches seem to be promising for the treatment of ischemic heart disease...

..We examined the impact of acute homocysteinemia on endothelial function in hypertensive patients and healthy individuals, and the potential role of ET-1...

..Finally, improved endothelial function by such treatments is not in itself proof of reduced risk for atherosclerosis; this remains to be directly tested in clinical trials...

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..Even though certain conclusions cannot be drawn yet, evidence suggests that the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors may have a beneficial effect on clinical outcome of heart failure patients...

..Although sCD40L is part of immune response, the mechanisms regulating its release in different disease states remain unknown...

..Although there are a variety of strategies to improve NO bioavailability in human endothelium, it is still unclear whether they have any direct benefit at a clinical level...

..Presently, antiplatelet intervention remains an important therapeutic modality, with novel antiplatelet therapies, such as prasugrel and ticagrelor under clinical investigation...

..However, more data derived from large-scale prospective studies evaluating the effects of long-term treatment with L-arginine are needed...

..Treatments with beneficial effects on endothelial dysfunction may also improve prognosis in patients with heart failure...

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..However, randomised controlled trials are required to explore further whether drugs targeting the inflammatory process and endothelial function will constitute a reasonable adjunctive treatment for patients with coronary artery disease...

..To assess the effects of intravenous vitamin C administration on the vasomotor responses to intracoronary L-arginine infusion in epicardial coronary arteries...

..There may thus be therapeutic potential in modifying the atherosclerotic, vasomotor, and thrombotic components of ischaemic heart disease...

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..The main drug categories that have been proved to ameliorate the inflammatory state in atherosclerosis are angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptors blockers, statins, and antioxidants...

..Vitamin C significantly increased forearm vasodilatory response to reactive hyperaemia only in patients with combined DM and CAD...

..We investigated whether or not, in patients with DM, thermal heterogeneity of culprit lesions (CLs) correlates with that of non-culprit lesions (NCLs) and with systemic inflammation...

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..However, the ADMA pathway is activated only in acute homocystinemia by mechanisms not mediated by oxidized LDL or proinflammatory stimuli...

..The purpose of the study was to investigate the clinical and angiographic factors related to the progression of non-culprit lesions (NCL) of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI)...

..To investigate the effects of atorvastatin on endothelial function and low-grade systemic inflammation in subjects with successful surgery for aortic coarctation repair (SCR)...

..They also indicate a relative deficiency of L-arginine, except in the shear response mechanism...

..This finding is consistent with partial deficiency of the substrate for nitric oxide synthesis, L-arginine, at the site of complex stenoses...

..In this parallel study, we assessed the acute effects of extra virgin olive oil, soy oil, corn oil and cod liver oil on circulating soluble(s) forms of adhesion molecules and TNF-α...

..Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by endothelial dysfunction, increased thrombogenicity and abnormal inflammatory response...

..We also examined the role of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the development of endothelial dysfunction in these two conditions...

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..01 for all). This phenomenon was associated with a respective increase in the inflammatory process and changes in the thrombosis/fibrinolysis system...

..Understanding the underlying mechanisms, in which these major regulatory gene families are implicated, will provide novel opportunities for diagnosis and therapy of cardiovascular diseases...

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..MCP-1 levels remain significantly elevated for at least 6 months following elective PTCA, suggesting an inflammatory stimulation...

..Coronary sinus and RA blood temperature measurements were performed by a 7F thermography catheter. DeltaTau was calculated by subtracting the RA from the CS blood temperature...

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..In the present review, we will discuss the usefulness and significance of potentials or established biomarkers in HF patients focusing on their ability to predict adverse events, morbidity and mortality...

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..Both statins and vitamin E separately improve endothelial function in patients with hypercholesterolemia and/or advanced atherosclerosis...

..New antioxidant strategies are needed to clarify the exact role of antioxidant treatment in coronary atherosclerosis...

..Also, several studies have investigated the role of biomarkers regarding their utility in the screening of calcific aortic valve disease and their putative clinical value, though their role still remains undetermined...

..The aim of the study was to assess the relationships of adherence rates to the Mediterranean diet with albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR), in a cohort of Greek adolescents who participated in the Leontio Lyceum ALbuminuria (3L) study...

..Moreover, the independent association of resistin with eGFR suggests involvement of resistin in the progression of kidney damage in the early stages of hypertension...

..In conclusion, combined administration of vitamin C and vitamin E at high dosages, improved endothelial function and decreased plasma levels of PAI-1, vWF and PAI-1/tPA ratio in chronic smokers...

..These findings indicate that atorvastatin may improve forearm vasodilatory response to reactive hyperemia and depress inflammatory process in patients with heart failure and normal baseline cholesterol levels...

..We examined endothelial function and serum levels of inflammatory mediators in transfusion-dependent patients with beta-thalassemia major...

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..Thus, statins seem to have a favourable effect on heat release from atherosclerotic plaques, and whether this effect has an impact on plaque stabilization needs to be investigated in future studies...

..Our goal was to test the hypothesis that treatment with the oral endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan might improve vascular endothelial function in SSc patients...

..To examine the contribution of endothelin type A (ET(A)) receptor stimulation by endogenously generated endothelin-1 (ET-1) to the maintenance of coronary vascular tone in humans...

..The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of ramipril on endothelial function and inflammatory process in a group of normotensive subjects with successfully repaired coarctation of the aorta (SCR)...

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..Thus, further studies are required to evaluate the predictive role of such molecules, as well as others under investigation in states of atherosclerosis...

..Therefore in the present study we examined the effects of rosuvastatin and allopurinol on MPO levels in patients HF...

..Aim of the present study was to investigate in healthy smokers the effect of a short-term daily L-arginine administration on vascular function...

..In this study we assessed the effects of low-dose atorvastatin treatment, on inflammatory process in patients admitted for unstable angina with low cholesterol level...

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..Current knowledge on the main actions of adiponectin and therapeutic approaches for cardiovascular disease is summarized in this review...

..Circulating adiponectin levels should be interpreted with caution, as they may have completely different prognostic value, depending on the underlying disease state...

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..In conclusion, L-arginine administration may be useful in patients with premature atherosclerosis...

..We highlight that obesity is an easily assessed cardiovascular risk factor in the clinical setting and strategies to promote optimal body weight should be encouraged...

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..In the present study we evaluated the impact of antidepressive medication on the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and acute phase response proteins, in patients with HF and major depression...

..We assessed the effects of short-term atorvastatin treatment on thrombotic/fibrinolysis markers in normocholesterolemic in patients with unstable angina...

..These results may partly explain the high incidence of coronary artery disease in patients with repaired coarctation of the aorta...