Wiesje M van der Flier

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..New definitions and diagnostic criteria for vascular dementia and vascular cognitive impairment are needed and should take into account microbleeds...

..To investigate the relationship between brain microbleeds (MBs) and the rate of cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease (AD)...

..To assess the associations of medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) and white matter hyperintensities (WMH) with cognitive function in a large group of independently functioning elderly people...

..For the future, we see an important role for MRI in identifying those different compartments, regardless of clinical classification. Treatment could be directed by (and evaluated through) MRI patterns, rather than a diagnostic label...

..2 to 7.8), suggesting that two subtypes of AD can be identified. The typical amnestic phenotype seems to be promoted by the APOE-epsilon4 allele, whereas the atypical nonmemory phenotype occurs in the absence of the APOE-epsilon4 allele...

..Moreover, there was an interaction between MTL and WMH (p = 0.045). These results suggest that vascular and Alzheimer-type pathology act in synergy in the clinical syndrome of AD...

..We investigated differences in the prevalence and severity of 10 neuropsychiatric and behavioral symptoms according to apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype and dementia severity in Alzheimer disease (AD)...

..These preliminary results suggest that memory complaints may reflect minimal brain deficits associated with impending dementia, depression or a combination of both disorders...

..To investigate the independent associations between medial temporal lobe atrophy and white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and cognitive functions in the elderly...

..We investigated the independent contribution of WMH and lacunes to general cognitive function in a group of independently living elderly with varying degrees of small vessel disease...

..MRI biomarkers play an important role in the diagnostic work-up of dementia, but their prognostic value is less well-understood. We investigated if simple MRI rating scales predict mortality in a memory clinic population...

..As such, increased amyloid burden, together with metabolic dysfunction, in the parietal lobe of younger patients with Alzheimer's disease may contribute to the distinct cognitive profile in these patients...

..To compare CSF levels of beta-amyloid 1-42 (Abeta(1-42)), total tau (tau) and tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (ptau-181) between AD patients and controls according to age...

..To examine the relationships between apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 dose and in vivo distributions of both fibrillary amyloid burden and glucose metabolism in the same Alzheimer disease dementia patients, selected for abnormal amyloid imaging...

..Our findings implicate a different role for biomarkers in diagnosis and prognosis of MCI-AD. While amyloid markers can be used to identify MCI-AD, injury markers may predict rapid progression to dementia...

..In conclusion, early onset AD presents with a different cognitive profile and the disease course seems different. Relative sparing of memory function in early stages stresses the need to adequately test other cognitive domains...

..To assess associations between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker levels and MRI-based whole-brain atrophy rate in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD)...

..The purpose of this study was to assess whether increased (R)-[(11)C]PK11195 binding is present in AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), currently also known as "prodromal AD."..

..No differences were found in binding potential and nonspecific volume of distribution of (R)-[(11)C]verapamil between patient groups. These results provide no evidence for additional Pgp dysfunction in AD patients with MBs...

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..We have used these markers and evaluated their performance...

..We studied the natural course of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and lacunes, the main MRI representatives of small vessel disease, over time and evaluated possible predictors for their development...

..On MRI, medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) is presumed to reflect Alzheimer- type pathology. White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are considered markers of vascular pathology...

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..The purpose of this study was to directly compare these tracers in patients with AD, patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and healthy controls...

..We examined the impact of these biomarkers in the diagnostic process in a non-academic memory clinic...

..This suggests that cognitively healthy APOE epsilon4 carriers are more prone to develop AD pathology with aging. For AD patients, this provides support for the existence of subtypes within the disease...

..However, little is known about the rate of decline in those subjects. In this cohort study, we aimed to assess the conversion rate to dementia and identify prognostic markers in subjects with MCI and evidence of amyloid pathology...

..To investigate whether MRI-based volumes of whole brain, medial temporal lobe and white matter hyperintensities (WMH) predict progression of cognitive decline in a sample of nondemented elderly...

..We investigated regional differences in MRI characteristics and risk factor profiles of incident lacunes over a 3-year period...

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..38, r=0.63, and r=0.65; all p< 0.05), but not with Abeta(42). These data suggest that increased BACE1 activity in CSF relates to AD pathology in the brain...

..MB distribution related to different amyloid profiles, supporting distinct etiologies. Our results suggest that Aβ42 is retained in cerebrovasculature of AD patients with MBs, while in contrast, VaD patients may possibly drain amyloid...

..Contrary to AD-specific markers, nonspecific CSF biomarkers, most notably isoprostane, showed change over time. These markers could potentially be used to monitor disease progression in AD...

..Our objective was to compare the mortality risks of patients with early- and late-onset dementia with non-demented controls of the same age range and to analyse the mortality risks in subtypes of dementia...

..Our purpose was to investigate associations between different cognitive profiles and their underlying functional brain changes as measured by electroencephalogram (EEG) in Alzheimer's disease (AD)...

..Our findings favor the implementation of CSF Abeta40 in differential diagnosis between FTLD, AD, and control subjects...

..We purposed to investigate the relationship between cerebral abnormalities detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cognitive performance in nondemented outpatients with heart failure (HF)...

..The aim was to investigate if SAP levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum can be used to discriminate controls, AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, and to identify incipient AD among MCI patients...

..This finding supports the hypothesis that early onset AD presents with a distinct endophenotype...

..Our findings imply that GSA is valuable for the purpose of studying altered brain network topology and dynamics in AD...

..A minority of patients has multiple MBs. We aimed to investigate associations of multiple MBs in Alzheimer disease with clinical and MRI characteristics and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers...

..Therefore, our purpose was to investigate the relative contribution of cerebrovascular disease and MTA to cognitive impairment in patients fulfilling diagnostic criteria for VaD...

..Atypical presentations of AD should be considered in the clinical differential diagnosis of early-onset dementia...

..We examined whether impairment in specific cognitive domains in Alzheimer's disease (AD) differed according to APOE genotype and age at onset...

..To describe magnetic resonance imaging characteristics in a large sample of subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and to investigate associations between these characteristics and cognition...

..Interestingly, the SAP index value was much lower than expected, based on its molecular size. In conclusion, these data suggest that local production of SAP and CRP in the AD brain does not substantially contribute to the CSF levels...

..EEG) abnormalities between early and late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to assess the influence of APOE genotype on this association, in order to understand the biological differences in AD according to age at onset..

..Moreover, structural changes also were observed in MCI patients, indicating that widespread brain damage can be demonstrated before patients are clinically demented...

..Although EEG is not considered as standard in memory clinics, evidence indicates that epileptiform discharges are of value in diagnosing cognitive complaints as epilepsy...

..Episodic memory impairment and MTA are also found in semantic dementia (SD) and in right temporal lobe atrophy (RTLA), the temporal variants of frontotemporal dementia, but their relationship is unclear...

..Correlation with cognitive dysfunction demonstrated the clinical relevance of FC changes within the DMN. In conclusion, clinically relevant decreased FC within the DMN was observed in AD...

..The influence of assay variation and duration of storage on changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of tau and phosphorylated (P)-tau with time was evaluated in 112 patients with various neurological disorders...

..18)F]FDG is a glucose analogue and its uptake reflects metabolic activity. The purpose of this study was to examine longitudinal changes in these tracers in patients with AD or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and in healthy controls...

..To develop a visual rating scale for posterior atrophy (PA) assessment and to analyse whether this scale aids in the discrimination between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias...

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..We sought to determine whether associations of MBs with clinical characteristics, risk factors, white-matter hyperintensities, and lacunes were different on GRE versus SWI in memory clinic patients...

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..To determine the frequency and pattern of cognitive dysfunction in outpatients with chronic congestive heart failure (CHF) and to identify the corresponding demographic and clinical correlates...

..We compared clinical characteristics of bvFTD patients with frontotemporal lobar atrophy on MRI to those lacking the typical pattern at presentation...

..By reviewing studies that directly correlated postmortem MRI and histopathology, this paper aimed to characterise the pathological substrates of SVD in order to create more understanding as to its heterogeneous clinical manifestation...

..To prospectively compare indicators of structural brain damage and total cerebral blood flow in patients with late-onset dementia, subjects of the same age with optimal cognitive function, and young subjects...

..Finally, in nondemented elderly, medial temporal lobe atrophy was most predictive of progression to AD, demonstrating the involvement of this region in the development of AD...

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..All results were normalized for network size and compared with random control networks...

..This indicates that activated microglia appear in several cortical and subcortical areas during healthy aging, suggesting widespread neuronal loss...

..Our purposes were to determine the prevalence of infratentorial abnormalities in VaD, their relation with supratentorial abnormalities, and whether they are relevant to cognition...

..05). Ultimately, CSF α-synuclein was not a useful diagnostic biomarker to differentiate DLB and/or PD (α-synucleinopathies) from AD or SC. In DLB patients maybe lower CSF α-synuclein levels are related to worse cognitive performance...

..To determine the association between markers of glycemia and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid beta 1-42 (Abeta42) and tau levels in patients attending a memory clinic...

..Other factors are probably involved in determining the pattern of atrophy, but these are currently unknown...

..Although heart failure (HF) is a common cardiovascular disorder, to date little research has been conducted into possible associations between HF and structural abnormalities of the brain...

..To evaluate visual assessment of [(11)C]PIB and [(18)F]FDDNP PET images as potential supportive diagnostic markers for Alzheimer's disease (AD)...

..Atrophy of the medial temporal lobe (MTA) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reflects neuronal loss in this area...

..We conclude that extending dementia specific instruments with neuropsychological tests improves measurement precision and accuracy of cognitive impairment in mild dementia...

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