R Homburg

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..An ideal marker of implantation is sensitive and specific, and easy to obtain without disturbing implantation. Glycodelin and leukaemia inhibitory factor (serum) and integrins and pinopodes (biopsies) are promising candidates...

..For CC, it may not yet be the end of an era but it may be the beginning of the end...

..The aim of this review is to examine relevant studies in the last 25 years, on the use of growth hormone in assisted conception and trace the train of events that has lead to the resurgence of interest in this subject...

..Low-dose FSH has been reserved for women failing to conceive with CC. In this RCT, we tested the hypothesis that pregnancy rate (PR) and live birth rates (LBR) are higher after OI with low-dose FSH than with CC as first-line treatment...

..When all else has failed, IVF/ET produces excellent results. In conclusion, there are very few women suffering from anovulatory infertility associated with PCOS who cannot be successfully treated today...

..A counter proposal is suggested and includes retention of the term 'infertility', disposal of the terms 'subfertility' and 'sterility' with practical suggestions of when difficulties in conceiving should be investigated and treated...

..AI have yet to undergo further large, robust clinical trials in order to fulfill this promise as a feasible alternative to CC in this role, but some preliminary trials have shown at least equality and some superiority...

..The use of metformin, an insulin sensitizer, for affected adolescents is the topic of a presently heated debate...

..Although the exact aetiology of PCOS is not known, the therapeutic alternatives provide reasonably successful symptomatic treatment...

..Only prospective studies employing a large cohort of women with well-defined PCOS compared with a control group matched for BMI and parity can solve the remaining questions...

..The plethora of treatment options available today ensures that the great majority of women who are subfertile due to PCOS can be treated successfully...

..The dichotomy between ovulation rates and pregnancy rates for women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) treated with clomiphene citrate (CC) prompted the present study to determine the effect of CC on endometrial maturity...

..The reported success of the use of this method should stimulate a renewed debate on oocyte storage for fertility preservation without a medical indication...

..Good, hard supportive data are not yet forthcoming but, as in the adult, the establishment of metformin treatment for the hyperinsulinaemic adolescent with PCOS may precede the evidence...

..LH content has little impact except in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism or severe pituitary suppression with GnRH analogues. Aromatase inhibitors, recombinant LH and long-acting FSH may find a future place in the armamentarium...

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..If multiple implantation is not hereditary, the incidences of twins in families of patients with single and multiple implantation after IVF/ICSI with double embryo transfer (DET) should be comparable...

..The incidence of first trimester pregnancy loss is much lower in IVF twin pregnancies than in IVF singleton pregnancies. The objective of this study was to determine which embryonic and maternal factors contribute to this finding...

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..In the presence of two good-quality oocytes, a twin pregnancy may result...

..The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) Ser680Ser-polymorphism as a predictor for CC response...

..To evaluate the predictive value of serial uterine artery Doppler ultrasound for embryo implantation in in-vitro fertilization (IVF)-intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles...

..Insulin-induced capillary recruitment (IICR) is considered a significant determinant of IMGU. We investigated whether IICR is a determinant IMGU in obese and lean women with and without PCOS...

..GnRH antagonist regimen, pretreated with OC, prevented the early endogenous FSH rise and improved follicular homogeneity, resulting in more oocytes. As a consequence of the extended treatment period, more rhFSH was required...

..Additionally, anti-Müllerian hormone and gonadotrophin surge attenuating factor probably have a role in the endocrine changes...

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..More studies comparing long GnRH agonist protocols with 'long' GnRH antagonist protocols, with enough power to identify differences in pregnancy rates, are required before appropriate comparison can be made...

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..Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and obesity are associated with cardiovascular disease, but it is unclear to what extent they contribute independently. Arterial stiffness might link obesity and PCOS to cardiovascular diseases...

..We hypothesize that, under chronic GnRH antagonist administration, a higher pituitary response to GnRH could be an underlying mechanism explaining the escape phenomenon...

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..Hyper- and hypoestrogenism that persist for a long time can affect vascular and metabolic function. However, it is not clear whether the same is true for subtle sex hormone changes (i.e., during the menstrual cycle)...

..To evaluate the size of ovarian damage caused by ovarian drilling in polycystic ovary syndrome, the amount of inflicted damage was assessed for the most frequently used ovarian drilling techniques...

..To analyze whether the administration of low-dose aspirin during IVF treatment improves the uterine blood flow and improves ongoing pregnancy rates for non-tubal factor IVF patients with previous failed conception...

..Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and obesity are associated with diabetes and cardiovascular disease, but it is unclear to what extent PCOS contributes independently of obesity...

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..Optimizing the cut-off level for a single serum hCG determination around day 15 after oocyte retrieval or ovulation...

..5%). CONCLUSIONS: The N680S sequence variation of the FSH receptor is found in >75% of the cases with elevated basal FSH and suggests a higher FSH threshold...

..None of these factors indicate that a change of policy to use IVF as first-line treatment in lieu of IUI for unexplained infertility is justified...

..CONCLUSIONS: Excessive or insufficient suppression of LH and progesterone levels during GnRH antagonist administration and high progesterone/follicle on hCG day seems to be associated with impaired clinical pregnancy rates...

..5 mg/ml is considered to be the minimal effective dose. Antide was overall well tolerated and safe. CONCLUSIONS: 0.5 mg/ml antide is the minimal effective dose to prevent an untimely LH surge in IVF patients stimulated with r-hFSH...

..We concluded that due to the huge variation in the distribution of follicles across the surface of the ovary, there is no place for this procedure in clinical evaluation of reproductive ageing in the individual patient...

..It has been deliberately designed to be simple, practical and cheap, and if universally adopted as a standard could contribute much to all future work involving this most prevalent of syndromes...

..The use of flexible multidose GnRH-antagonist protocol with GnRH-agonist for final oocyte maturation, in high-responder patients, eliminates the risk of OHSS but results in decreased implantation and pregnancy rates...

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