P Cuijpers

..33), indicating a possible adverse effect. Prevention of new cases of mental disorders seems to be possible and may be an important way of reducing the enormous burden of these disorders...

..48; specificity: 71.53), and for the CES-D it was 22 (sensitivity: 90.48; specificity: 74.31). We conclude that the MDI and CES-D are reliable and valid instruments that can be used for this screening...

..A growing number of studies have tested the efficacy of preventive interventions in reducing the incidence of depressive disorders. Until now, no meta-analysis has integrated the results of these studies...

..1%. NDST has a considerable effect on symptoms of depression. Most of the effect of therapy for adult depression is realized by non-specific factors, and our results suggest that the contribution of specific effects is limited at best...

..Secondary research questions involve maintenance of effect at 6 months, mediators, and predictors of better outcomes...

..Depressive and anxiety disorders are common in general practice but not always treated adequately. Introducing stepped care might improve this. In this randomized trial we examined the effectiveness of such a stepped care model...

..This study is a randomised controlled trial aimed to evaluate an Internet based self-help intervention for sub-clinical and mild PD compared to a waiting list control group...

..We present the first study that aims to empower PI victims with respect to the negative impact of the claims settlement process by means of an internet intervention...

..Moreover, we will investigate which level of support by a coach is more effective compared to other levels of support...

..A single blind randomised controlled trial compares CBT with treatment as usual in preventing or delaying the onset of psychosis...

..Seeking help through the Internet can overcome these barriers. This project aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a guided self-help problem-solving intervention for depressed Turkish migrants that is culturally adapted and web-based...

..A secondary objective is to test potential mediating and moderating variables in order to gain insight into how the intervention works and for whom it works best...

..We present the rationale and study design of the WEB-based distress management program for implantable CARdioverter dEfibrillator patients (WEBCARE) trial...

..In the light of our findings and given the burden of panic disorder, such a new trial is well worth the effort. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN33407455...

..Furthermore, the short version could be as effective as the long version...

..Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the association between general happiness and these variables in a Latin American sample...

..The present study investigates if a nonlinear (U-shaped) trend is preferable over a linear trend to describe the relationship between BMI and depression, which means that both underweight and obesity are associated with depression...

..In this randomised prevention trial for elderly, living in the community and suffering from subthreshold depression and anxiety, a stepped care programme was put together to be tested versus usual (GP) care...

..This pilot study evaluates the feasibility, acceptability and effectiveness of this PST program for CMD's in deprived communities around Cape Town...

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..Given its high prevalence and the fact that interventions are necessary during the remitted phase, new approaches are needed to prevent relapse in depression...

..Other research questions concern the identification of potential mediators and the search for subgroups who respond differently to the interventions...

..This study seeks to test the effectiveness of a web-based self-help depression programme for people with diabetes and co-morbid depression...

..The aim of the present study was to examine the one-year course of untreated anxiety and depression, and to determine predictors of a poor outcome...

..This article outlines the study protocol. The results of the study, which is being currently carried out, will be presented as soon as they are available...

..The purposes of this study were to examine the factorial structure of the CES-D, and test its measurement invariance across two different national elderly populations...

..There are no published meta-analyses of the effectiveness of passive psychoeducation in reducing symptoms of depression, anxiety or psychological distress...

..Despite a growing understanding of the effectiveness of bereavement interventions and the groups that benefit most from them, we know little about the cost-effectiveness of bereavement interventions...

..A stepped care program is characterized by different treatment steps that are arranged in order of increasing intensity...

..The aim is to evaluate the outcome of stepped care for psychological distress on functional status and other aspects of quality of life in patients with hematological malignancy treated with autologous stem cell transplantation...

..Although it is possible to convert the two types of outcomes to each other, it has not been tested whether this results in systematic differences...

..Because CP as a whole was as effective as face-to-face psychotherapy, certain forms of CP deserve to be integrated into routine practice...

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..The Internet will most likely assume a major role in the future delivery of cognitive-behavioral interventions to patients with health problems...

..58). No definite conclusions can be drawn about the longer term effects. Too few studies were available to draw conclusions about the relative effects of psychological treatments compared to pharmacological and other treatments...

..Whether these psychotherapies are equally effective in younger and older age groups has not been examined in meta-analytic research...

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..The database can be accessed freely through the Internet...

..Whether both types of intervention are equally effective has not been established definitively...

..Only a minority of patients are treated with effective non-pharmacological therapies. A self-help intervention might offer an inexpensive and more accessible alternative to face-to-face treatment...

..No meta-analytical study has examined whether the quality of the studies examining psychotherapy for adult depression is associated with the effect sizes found. This study assesses this association...

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..We conclude that psychotherapy is effective in the treatment of chronic depression and dysthymia but probably not as effective as pharmacotherapy (particularly the SSRIs)...

..Although several studies have examined the relative effects of psychological and combined treatments, this has not been studied satisfactorily in recent statistical meta-analyses...

..However, earlier meta-analyses in this field have included only a limited number of available studies and did not conduct extended subgroup analyses to examine possible sources of heterogeneity...

..Subclinical depression is a condition in which a person has depressive symptoms but does not meet the criteria for a depressive disorder...

..The CWD has contributed considerably to the development and innovation of prevention and treatment of depression in many target populations...

..This paper examines the contribution of active medication to combined psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy treatments...

..Finally, this paper will show how other statistics, such as the exposure rate, the attributable fraction, and the number needed to treat can help in identifying the most optimal target groups for preventive interventions...

..However, several research questions need to be answered before broad-scale dissemination is possible. The Internet will continue to play a prominent role in the further development of this field of research and clinical practice...

..More high-quality research is needed to verify these results...

..More research on the (negative) effects of these interventions is needed...

..Modern techniques for longitudinal data analysis can be helpful in examining differential effects of psychological interventions on specific subpopulations of patients...

..To provide a review of the meta-analyses of the efficacy of psychological treatment of patients with a depressive disorder...

..48). This study made it clear that prevalence and incidence of depressive disorders are increased in caregivers of dementia patients. More research is clearly needed in this population...

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..The main conclusion is that personality traits appear to be associated with comorbidity and less so with any specific disorder...

..That subjects with subthreshold depression have an increased probability of developing major depression has been confirmed by many studies. However, the factors which may predict the onset of major depression have yet to be fully examined...

..We will summarize the evidence supporting these mechanisms, and propose options for possible interventions aimed at reducing the increased risk of dying...

..In the past decades, the effects of problem-solving therapy (PST) for depression have been examined in several randomized controlled studies. However, until now no meta-analysis has tried to integrate the results of these studies...

..Brief interventions for problem drinking may result in decreased mortality rates. Long-term follow-up studies of brief interventions do not produce a clear answer to the question as to whether these interventions reduce mortality or not...

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..It was already known that parental problem drinking results in mental health problems in children. We found clear indications that these problems do not disappear when these children grow old...

..Numerous practice guidelines have recommended IPT as a treatment of choice for unipolar depressive disorders. The authors conducted a meta-analysis to integrate research on the effects of IPT...

..However, these earlier meta-analyses also included non-randomized studies, and did not include newer high-quality randomized controlled trials...

..It is not clear whether the effects of cognitive-behavioural therapy and other psychotherapies have been overestimated because of publication bias...

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..The current study is aimed at examining whether smoking is associated with first-ever incidence of mental disorders...

..People scoring high on openness considered many of the actions to be helpful. We conclude that actions taken to cope with depression and their helpfulness differ considerably for subjects with differing personality traits...

..Psychological treatments for subthreshold depression may be able to reduce depressive symptomatology and prevent the onset of major depression...

..A systematic search in bibliographical databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Cochrane) resulted in 21 studies with 810 participants...

..Although indicated prevention of depression is available for about 80% of the Dutch population at little or no cost, only a small proportion of those with subthreshold depression make use of these services...

..Although the clinical relevance of minor depression has been demonstrated in many studies, the economic costs are not well explored. In this study, we examine the economic costs of minor depression...

..Different symptoms may be more suitable for self-report or ratings by clinicians and in clinical trials it is probably best to include both...

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..However, most research has focused on the association between neuroticism and a single specific disorder or health outcome, and the overall effect of neuroticism on use of somatic and mental health care and on society is not clear...

..An important research question for this research area is which subjects with subthreshold depression will develop a full-blown depressive disorder and which will not...

..The results and sizes of these trials have been mixed. This is the first quantitative meta-analysis, aimed at organizing and evaluating the literature, and estimating effect size...

..This study seeks to examine the incidence of social phobia in the general population and to establish a number of risk indicators...

..Information about the economic costs of social phobia is scant. In this study, we examine the economic costs of social phobia and subthreshold social phobia...

..Given the public health significance of late-life depression and anxiety, and the limited capacity of treatment, there is an urgent need to develop effective strategies to prevent these disorders...

..The objective of this study is to examine whether personality traits are also related to patients' perceived need for (specific types of) mental health care...

..Community based data were used to examine the association between social phobia and comorbidity, quality of life and service utilization. In addition, the correlations of the number of social fears with these domains were studied...

..The results of this review may help transplant teams in selecting patients at risk for experiencing a diminished health-related QOL following hematopoietic SCT. Follow-up treatment can be provided in order to promote QOL...

..However, these earlier meta-analyses also included non-randomized studies, and there are many featured studies in this area which were published after the recent meta-analysis...

..To study whether prenatal smoking only relates to externalizing problems or whether it is associated with both internalizing and externalizing problems from childhood into late adolescence...

..This study investigated cognitive mediation of improvement in panic disorder (PD) symptomatology during and after an early intervention for panic symptoms in subthreshold and mild PD...

..Stable-isolates increased in externalizing behavior, whereas children who became part of a dyad or included in a clique showed a decrease in externalizing behavior...

..Further research should focus on underlying factors and examine causal pathways between depression and obesity...

..Effects of web-based guided self-help could be enhanced by incorporating them in a stepped-care model...

..75 for detecting any depressive and/or anxiety disorder. The Dutch version of the K10 is appropriate for screening depressive disorders in primary care, while the EK10 is preferred in screening for both depressive and anxiety disorders...

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..Yet, the effectiveness of psychological treatments in these patient populations has not been firmly established...

..Recently, a Dutch educational broadcasting company developed a 6 week self-help course for insomnia, which consists of a book and television programmes. In this study we examined its effects...

..The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy of STPP for depression and to identify treatment moderators...

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..This study suggests that there are no large differences in efficacy between the major psychotherapies for mild to moderate depression...

..This need can be met by using brief online screening questionnaires, which can also be quickly used to screen patients prior to consultation with a GP...

..Depression can be treated effectively with Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), but a short intervention based on problem solving therapy (PST) could constitute a worthwhile alternative to CBT...

..As in these four situations different costs are encountered, different optimal cut-off points were found...