Meike Bartels

..We examined to what extent internalizing and externalizing problems at age 3 preceded and predicted parental divorce, and if divorce and the time lapse since divorce were related to internalizing and externalizing problems at age 12...

..Heritability was slightly lower in children with a mother with a middle-level education...

..Rather, there is evidence for early anesthesia being a marker of an individual's vulnerability for later learning problems, regardless of their exposure to anesthesia...

..209). These two regions of interest are not overlapping with the regions found for contrasting phenotypes (such as depression, which is negatively associated with happiness). Further linkage and future association studies are warranted...

..In conclusion, between ages 3 and 12 genetic factors are the most important cause of individual differences in emotional and behavioral problems...

..The effect of these latent genetic factors on the phenotypes was not moderated by either age or sex...

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..Significant age-specific influences were found for all components, indicating that genetic and environmental factors also contributed to changes in problem behavior...

..Significant influences of additive genetic, shared environmental and unique environmental factors were found for internalizing and externalizing syndromes...

..This study investigates two models that have been used to explain the agreement and disagreement between mothers and fathers in the ratings of their children...

..This cortisol awakening response provides a useful endophenotype in the search for genes that may affect hypothalamic-pituitary adrenocortical functioning in children...

..This high heritability indicated that the CITO might be a valuable instrument to assess individual differences in cognitive abilities in children but might not be the right instrument to put the effect of education to the test...

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..Shared environmental influences are responsible for stability as well as change in the development of cognitive abilities, represented by a common factor influencing FSIQ at all ages and age-specific influences, respectively...

..Twin studies of obsessive-compulsive disorder have indicated a significant genetic component to its expression...

..To determine the contributions of genetic and environmental influences to variation in self-report of obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms in a population-based twin sample of adolescent boys and girls...

..In addition to a shared set of genes that influenced all phenotypes, there were also genetic influences specific to the different verbal phenotypes...

..Non-shared environmental effects accounted for the remaining covariance over time...

..These results are in line with a developmentally stable hypothesis that predicts that a single set of genetic risk factors acts on symptoms of AAD from adolescence into young adulthood...

..Genetic factors that influenced IQ also influenced inhibitory control. We conclude that the association between AP and inhibitory control as reported in the literature may largely derive from genetic factors that are shared with IQ...

..The generalizability of studies on internalizing problems in early adolescence in twin samples should be addressed with care. Twinship may be a protective factor in the development of internalizing problems during early adolescence...

..Twins and singletons are comparable with respect to the development of Attention Problems in childhood...

..It offers opportunities for DNA-based and gene expression studies as well as for future metabolomic and proteomic projects...

..The objective of this study is to determine the developmental stability of pediatric OC behavior and the genetic and environmental influences on stability in a large population-based twin sample...

..By examining the data from monozygotic twins, we found evidence for interaction between genotype and nonshared, non-measured, environmental influences on evaluations of general family functioning, family conflict, and quality of life...

..The finding of larger mean testis volume in dizygotic twins may be of interest for future research into the mechanisms underlying dizygotic twinning...

..Large cohorts of phenotyped family members from the general population are very valuable for genetic epidemiological studies and permit selection of informative families for gene finding studies...

..These results indicate that autistic traits have specific characteristics that are substantially genetically independent from other common but related behavioral domains such as social problems and withdrawn behavior...

..To investigate whether there is an association between catch-up growth and cognitive performance in humans...

..In this paper we give an update on the YNTR and ANTR phenotyping and on the ongoing ANTR biobank studies...

..In contrast to the large number of studies in children, there is little information on the contribution of genetic factors to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults...

..Men scored higher than women and science students higher than non-science students. The Dutch translation of the AQ is a reliable instrument to assess autism spectrum conditions...

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..To examine the heritability of cannabis initiation, the influence of a possible twin-specific environment and the influence of age on the effects of genes and environment in Dutch adolescents and young adults...

..To explain the differential course of anxiety and depression in individuals from childhood to adulthood by examining age-related changes in the genetic and environmental etiology of anxious and depressive symptoms...

..Sex has minimal to no effect on motor development in early childhood. DZ twins achieve motor milestones sooner than MZ twins. Attainment of gross motor milestones (crawl, stand and walk) is delayed in later birth cohorts...

..Rater-specific shared environmental factors show substantial influence on stability. This could mean that rater bias may be persistent and affect longitudinal studies...

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..We examined whether and when differences in body size disappear over time and whether twins attain normal final height and body mass index (BMI)...

..The aim of this study was to investigate the relative influence of genetic and environmental factors on children's leisure time exercise behavior through the classic twin design...

..We conclude that for most traits that were examined, the current evidence is that same the genes are operating in men and women...

..To determine the effect of age, sex and cohort on the prevalence and genetic architecture of adolescent alcohol use (AAU)...

..12| and |0.41|). Future studies with longitudinal data and DNA polymorphisms are needed to determine the biological mechanisms that underlie the genetic link between problem drinking and personality...

..None of the SNPs showed a significant association with AP. The lowest p-value was found for the rs6265 SNP in the BDNF gene (p = 0.035). Overall, our results suggest no evidence for a role of these genes in childhood AP...

..Extending this argument to the study of resilience (eg, why some kids recover) is the focus of last part this article and our research strategies in the next decade...

..Testosterone levels correlated moderately (r = .31) with pubertal development; the covariance between testosterone levels and pubertal development was entirely accounted for by genetic influences...

..No sex differences in genetic architecture were observed. These results indicate an important contribution of genetic factors to thought problems in children as young as 7 years...

..To investigate the degree to which genetic and environmental influences affect individual differences in sedentary behavior throughout adolescence...

..We examined the significance of genetic and shared and nonshared environmental influences. In addition, we tested for the presence of environmental factors specifically shared by twins, but not by their siblings...

..Interestingly, for high alcohol consumption and BPT the association was explained by unique environmental factors that influence both traits rather than common genetic factors...

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..We constructed a developmental prediction model for alcohol initiation below the Dutch legal drinking age (16 years), elaborating on the pathways identified by earlier studies...

..We investigated the etiology of the association between Attention Problems (AP, one of the core symptoms in ADHD) in early childhood and four academic skills across childhood in a genetically informative design...

..We conclude that exercise behavior is associated with fewer internalizing problems and higher levels of SWB. The association largely reflects the effects of common genetic factors on these traits...

..If we can identify patients who are susceptible to poor quality of life, we will be able to better target specific clinical interventions to enhance their quality of life and treatment outcomes...

..We hypothesize that genetic effects on exercise ability may explain the high heritability of exercise behavior in this phase of life...

..To explore genetic and environmental influences on individual differences in autistic traits in early adulthood and to test if there is assortative mating (nonrandom partner choice) for autistic traits in the general population...

..All twins had lower BMI than singletons. Twins grow fairly well compared to singletons, but they grow below their target height. This may be due to the above average height of twin parents...

..This study investigated the effects of sharing a classroom during primary school on cognitive achievement in twins...

..In the present longitudinal twin study, we report on the size of genetic and environmental effects on individual differences in attention problems at ages 3, 7, 10 and 12 years...

..The implications of these findings are discussed with reference to the clinical setting and in the context of future research...

..Overall, there has been no convincing evidence, so far, for a role of genetic variation in these pathways in the development of anxiety and depression...

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..78 > R(G) > .98). These results indicate that head circumference is a highly heritable biometric trait and a valid target for future GWA studies...

..The aim of the current study was to investigate the sex and age effects on the mean levels and the genetic architecture of adolescent self-reported emotional and behavioral problems...

..These data support the idea that both genetic and environmental influences play a role in the stability of AGG from age 3 to 12...

..Our aim was to provide an overview of prospective studies that have addressed the association between attention problems (AP, i.e. symptoms of hyperactivity and inattentiveness) and academic achievement (AA)...

..Results showed no differences in growth, in attainment of motor milestones, and in behavioral development between IVF and matched NC twins. It can be concluded that for nearly all aspects, development in IVF and NC children is similar...

..54 for boys and .43 for girls). These findings may have implications for how aggressive behavior should be assessed in boys and girls...

..So, co-occurrence in AGG and RB is mainly caused by a common set of genes. Parental disagreement seems to be a combination of so-called rater bias and of parental specific views...

..We are interested in identifying the genes underlying disordered eating behaviour (DEB), and want to know how much of the genetic influence underlying DEB is attributable to genetic influences on body mass index (BMI)...

..Continuity findings were explained mainly by genetic and nonshared environmental factors...

..The aims of this study were to estimate whether perceived stress is a heritable condition and to assess whether heritability estimates vary between subjective stress reactivity and stress related to external demands...

..Environmental factors affecting height and BMI during growth period are also important, and further studies are needed to identify these factors and test whether they interact with genetic factors...

..Furthermore, lipid profiling may prove useful in monitoring health status, for example, in the context of personalized medicine...

..In this manner twin and molecular studies can move the field forward in a mutually informative way...