Manon van Engeland

..This review integrates recent data on epigenetic regulation of gene expression in CRC and describes how the understanding of these processes will alter the management of CRC...

..This perspective will place this study in context, looking at what it tells us and what it does not...

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..As this type of colon cancer is associated with high ages, young patients bearing this type of malignancy are rare and could provide additional insight into the etiology of sporadic MSI-H colon cancer...

..The incomplete overlap between CIMP, MLH1 hypermethylation, and microsatellite instability indicates that these related "methylation phenotypes" may not be similar and should be investigated separately...

..Here we examined the role of N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 4 (NDRG4) as a novel tumor suppressor and biomarker in colorectal cancer...

..These opposite results may indicate that folate enhances colorectal carcinogenesis through a distinct APC mutated pathway...

..Only active epigenetic marks were detected for MBD1, CXXC1, SMAD4 and MBD2. This study demonstrates specific epigenetic silencing of DCC in CRC as a focal process not affecting neighboring genes on chromosomal region 18q21...

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..In addition, we explored the detection of DNA methylation in fecal immunochemical test (FIT) fluid...

..Effects in early-stage CRC are however unknown. We studied KRAS-LCS6 genotype, hypothesizing that it might identify early-stage cases with a poor prognosis, and could potentially be used in therapy decision-making...

..Within the Netherlands Cohort Study on diet and cancer, we investigated the association between early life energy restriction and risk of subsequent CRC characterized by the (promoter) CpG island methylation phenotype (CIMP)...

..58; 95% CI, 0.34-0.99). In this study, a not statistically significant inverse association was observed between alcohol and renal cell cancer. There was no statistical significant heterogeneity by VHL mutation or methylation status...

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..Nevertheless, the interaction deserves further investigation in larger genetic epidemiologic studies...

..Therefore, we conclude that promoter methylation of pivotal tumour suppressor and DNA repair genes is associated with specific patterns of chromosomal changes in CRC, which are different from methylation patterns in MSI tumours...

..09), but inversely associated with G>A transitions (RR = 0.08, 95% CI = 0.01-0.53). Our data suggest that the effect of folate on rectal cancer risk is different for men and women and depends on the K-ras mutation status of the tumor...

..Height was associated with risk of CRC, especially distal colon tumors (highest quintile vs. lowest: HR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.27; P-trend = 0.05), in women only...

..Adding PHACTR3 methylation to FIT increased sensitivity for CRC up to 15%. PHACTR3 is a new hypermethylated gene in CRC with a good performance in stool DNA testing and has complementary value to FIT...

..This is the 2nd prospective cohort study in which vitamin B-6 intake was associated with increased risk of rectal tumors in women, which might suggest that this vitamin enhances rectal cancer in women...

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..Here, we evaluated GATA4/5 promoter methylation as potential biomarkers for noninvasive colorectal cancer detection, and investigated the role of GATA4/5 in colorectal cancer...

..We investigated how body size and physical activity influence the risk of the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) in colorectal cancer (CRC)...

..59, respectively). The strong correlation between GREM1 region iii promoter methylation and increased malignancy and its correlation with active angiogenesis indicates a role for GREM1 in ccRCC carcinogenesis and tumor angiogenesis...

..In this review, we discuss existing and novel findings about RCC carcinogenesis, with subsequent clinical implications...

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..This review summarizes the current knowledge of hypermethylation biomarkers for CRC detection, progression and treatment outcome...

..Energy restriction during childhood and adolescence is suggested to lower colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. We investigated this in the Netherlands Cohort Study...

..085). Despite the size limitations of this study, these data suggest that folate and alcohol intake may be associated with changes in promoter hypermethylation in CRC...

..We have evaluated the influence of (epi)genetic alterations in VHL on cause-specific survival in clear-cell renal cell cancer (ccRCC) in a large, population-based group of cases...

..Here, we discuss the emerging evidence on the importance of the location of CpG dinucleotide hypermethylation in relation to gene expression and associations with clinicopathologic characteristics in cancer...

..Screening tests based on genomic changes that affect relevant biological and metabolic processes hold most promise in this respect...

..This points to the existence of "low" FIT performance in subgroups and the need for more tailored screening strategies...

..This review discusses the critical parameters of MSP and presents an overview of the available MSP variants and the (clinical) applications...

..Here we review the therapeutic potential of DNMT and HDAC inhibitors as anti-cancer drugs, as evaluated in clinical trials, and their angiostatic activities, apart from their inhibitory effects on tumor cells...

..In the present study, we aimed to compare the mutation spectrum of 14 cancer genes, between these two phenotypes...

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..This review describes the current knowledge on the prognostic and predictive value of epigenetic markers in colorectal cancer...

..Finally, their role in disease and potential clinical applications (their role as detection or prognostic markers) are discussed...

..Evaluation in large well-controlled randomized trials is the next step needed to take molecular markers for CRC screening to the next level and warrant implementation in a screening setting...

..We investigated whether measures of anthropometry differentially influence risk of tumours according to BRAF c.1799T>A p.V600E mutation (BRAF) and microsatellite instability (MSI) status...

..Epigenetic alterations such as promoter hypermethylation silence tumor suppressor genes (TSG) in several malignancies...

..In this review we discuss the background of RCC and the clinical applications of RCC genetics and epigenetics...

..In conclusion, our data show that DNMT inhibitors have angiostatic activity in addition to their inhibitory effects on tumor cells. This dual action of these compounds makes them promising anticancer therapeutics...

..The purpose of this study was to further unravel the genetic pathways through which SBTs develop, with a special focus on explaining the generally benign SBT behavior. Materials and..

..Importantly, we point out that it is this interplay of genetics and epigenetics that effectively leads to distorted gene expression patterns in CMM...

..In conclusion, taxane resistance in breast cancer follows a multiplex establishment of drug cytotoxicity escape routes, which may be most efficiently therapeutically targeted by interference with their mutually governing signaling nodes...

..The purpose of this review is to summarise the latest findings on TNBC concerning its relation and delineation to BBC, discuss the developmental pathways involved and address clinical implications for this complex type of breast cancer...

..These data show that the majority of the studied CRCs with K-ras mutations lack RASSF1A promoter methylation, an event which occurs predominantly in K-ras wild-type CRCs (P=0.023, Chi-square test)...