Maarten van Kleef

..The evidence supporting intra-articular corticosteroids is limited; hence, this should be reserved for those individuals who do not respond to radiofrequency treatment (2 B±)...

..Interventional, minimally invasive pain treatment is not described in this guideline, although for a number of pain syndromes this could be an evidence-based potential treatment...

....

..This treatment should take place in specialized centers. For thoracic facet pain, radiofrequency treatment of the ramus medialis of the thoracic rami dorsales is recommended (2 C+)...

..In patients with cluster headache refractory to all other treatments, occipital nerve stimulation may be considered, preferably within the context of a clinical study...

..In younger patients, the first choice of invasive treatment is probably microvascular decompression. For elderly patients, radiofrequency treatment of Gasserian ganglion is recommended and the technique is described in detail...

..The current study investigated which signs or symptoms of CRPS-1 could be predictive of outcome. The incidence of side effects and complications of sympathetic blockade also were determined prospectively...

..The aim of the current study was to develop effective prognostic factors for prediction of successful outcome of SCS...

..Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify predictive factors of postoperative pain after ambulatory surgery...

..Second, to measure the prevalence of concerns about disease recurrence in former breast cancer patients and identify potential predictors and third, to establish how fear of recurrence was effecting quality of life...

..In this pilot study, we investigated the feasibility of identifying tissue transitions encountered during insertions toward peripheral nerve targets using optical spectroscopy...

..In patients with a therapy-resistant radicular pain in the context of a Failed Back Surgery Syndrome, spinal cord stimulation is recommended (2 A+). This treatment should be performed in specialized centers...

..This study was performed to assess the prevalence and course of postoperative pain in the early postoperative period after ambulatory surgery...

..In the case of frozen shoulder, a continuous cervical epidural infusion of local anesthetic and small doses of opioids or a pulsed radiofrequency treatment of the nervus suprascapularis can be considered...

..We hypothesized that a percutaneous radiofrequency lesion of the dorsal root ganglion (RF-DRG) could be a simple and safe alternative treatment. We undertook a pilot study to test this hypothesis...

..The evidence to support its use in the management of degenerative cervical facet joint pain is derived from observational studies (2 C+)...

..If the result is unsatisfactory pulsed radiofrequency treatment of the ganglion spinale (dorsal root ganglion) of C2 and/or C3 can be considered in a study context (O)...

..Radiofrequency treatment of the ramus medialis (medial branch) of the ramus dorsalis is recommended (2 B+)...

..In this randomized controlled trial, the authors investigated how an intensive home-based education program given by nurses affected short-term and long-term pain levels...

..In the present randomized controlled trial, the authors assessed the effectiveness of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) in reducing pain due to CRPS-I at the 5-year follow-up...

..Up until now, no neurological complications have been reported after PRF treatment. The current clinical audit has been performed to assess the amount of pain relief after a single PRF treatment...

..Subsequently, data were recruited on the efficacy and safety of spinal cord stimulation in this disorder...

..Increased serotonergic innervation of the lumbar CPG area is therefore suggested to play an important role in the EE-induced recovery of interlimb coordination...

..Venlafaxine and fluoxetine treatment can also be considered. When the pharmacological treatment fails, pulsed radiofrequency treatment of the ganglion pterygopalatinum (sphenopalatinum) can be considered (2 C+)...

..Complications are mainly implant related, though infections also occur. The available evidence (2 C+) justifies spinal cord stimulation to be considered, preferably study related...

....

..Surgical interventions are reserved for the more severe conditions resulting in significant disability.Interventional pain treatment such as pulsed radio frequency could be an addition to the future treatment options for CTS...

..In particular, pulsed radiofrequency treatment of the LFCN should only take place in a study context...

..A lack of evidence is reported for cervical spine surgery. Interlaminar epidural steroid administration and radiofrequency techniques adjacent to the cervical dorsal root ganglion have the highest, but still weak recommendations...

..Coccygectomy is not recommended because of long-term moderate results and the chance of major complications...

..We conclude that repetitive intrathecal VEGF delivery has limited therapeutic effects on spinal cord injury outcome...

..Thus, developmental fluoxetine exposure normalizes the long-term effects of maternal adversity on post-operative pain in offspring and these effects may be due, in part, to the involvement of the HPA system...

..In this in vivo human pilot study, we investigated the potential for detecting vascular penetration with optical reflectance spectroscopy during blocks of the sympathetic chain and the communicating ramus at lumbar levels...

..The objective of this case is to report the rare complication of a meningitis after an invasive treatment of the trigeminal ganglion...

..This effect was not mediated by tissue heating. The authors investigated a possible late or long-term effect of three different radiofrequency modalities...

..Many symptoms remain untreated. Systematic recording of symptom intensity should be mandatory, irrespective of the phase of disease...

..These data may then result in experiments needed for an improved understanding of the mechanisms underlying SCS and consequently lead to improvement and increased effectiveness of SCS in neuropathic pain as a clinical therapy...

..Because no placebo group was included, no definite conclusions on effectiveness of TENS in general in the treatment of chronic pain could be made...

..Treatment of functional anorectal pain disorders remains a challenge. The purpose of this study is to describe a single center experience with sacral neuromodulation for the treatment of chronic functional anorectal pain...

..To identify somatic and psychologic predictors of pain, functional limitations, global perceived recovery, and quality of life 6 months after surgical intervention...

..It is advised that ozone discolysis, nucleoplasty, and targeted disc decompression should only be performed as part of a study protocol. Future studies should include more strict inclusion criteria...

..To describe the comparison of multiple and single pain ratings in patients with complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS I)...