Joris C Verster

..4, p <.0001). Furthermore, alprazolam significantly impaired performance on the laboratory tests. In conclusion, alprazolam users must be warned not to drive an automobile or operate potentially dangerous machinery...

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..Middle-of-the-night administration of zolpidem significantly impairs driving ability in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, zaleplon did not affect driving ability 4 h after middle-of-the-night administration...

..All antihistamines are capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier and thus may cause sedation. Most antihistamine users are ambulatory patients and therefore presumably drive a car...

..Since the majority of alprazolam users are outpatients, this behavioral impairment limits the safe use of alprazolam in patients routinely engaged in potentially dangerous daily activities, such as driving a car...

..Sedation following antihistamine use poses a danger to ambulant patients involved in daily activities such as driving...

..The results show that zaleplon (10 and 20 mg) is a safe hypnotic devoid of next-morning residual impairment when used in the middle of the night...

..Many people who use hypnotics are outpatients and are likely to drive a car the day after drug intake. The purpose of these meta-analyses was to determine whether or not this is safe...

..These effects might interfere with memory functioning and psychomotor performance. Levocetirizine was recently introduced as a new antihistamine said to be free from sedative effects...

..Vigilance performance was not significantly affected, indicating that this memory impairment does not reflect sedation...

..Disturbed body balance and standing steadiness are problematic for those who wake up at night or in the morning after using hypnotic drugs. As a result, falls and hip fractures are frequently reported in patients using sleep medication...

..This review summarizes the current scientific evidence on gender differences in driving performance after treatment with hypnotic drugs...

..5 mg), and placebo on driving performance, memory functioning, psychomotor performance, and mood in healthy adult subjects following bedtime dosing and a middle of the night awakening...

..The objective of this study was to examine the effects of methylphenidate on memory functioning of adults with ADHD...

..Some studies have already used the DASS, but the magnitude of impairment is difficult to interpret because reference values are lacking...

..05 km/h, 95% CI = -0.4 to 0.2, P = 0.70). Among adults with ADHD, with a history of a positive clinical response to methylphenidate, methylphenidate significantly improves driving performance...

..In contrast, after 2 weeks of treatment, no significant differences were found between amitriptyline and placebo, suggesting that tolerance had developed to the impairing effects of amitriptyline...

..It is concluded that alcohol increases distractibility and interference from secondary task stimuli, as well as reduces attentional capacity and dual-task integrality...

..This review examined the prevalence and nature of stopped driving tests, and the relationship with Standard Deviation of Lateral Position (SDLP), i.e. the "weaving of the car"...

..The purpose of this study was to examine if Red Bull® Energy Drink can counteract sleepiness and driving impairment during prolonged driving...

..There are various methods to examine driving ability. Comparisons between these methods and their relationship with actual on-road driving is often not determined...

..However, to ensure traffic safety higher dosages than recommended (10 mg) or allowing less than 8 hours between zolpidem intake and actual operation of a motor vehicle should be avoided...

..The purpose of this study was to explore the presence and severity of hangover symptoms, and determine their interrelationship...

..Future studies should more rigorously study these factors as well as biological correlates to further elucidate the pathology of alcohol hangover...

..Adverse drug effects such as reduced alertness may cause drivers to be unaware that their driving is impaired...

..In conclusion, zopiclone (7.5 mg) is a reliable positive control, that consistently shows significant and meaningful impairment on the on-the-road driving test...

..05%; after 3 h of driving impairment corresponds to a BAC of 0.08%. In conclusion, a maximum of two continuous nocturnal driving hours should be recommended...

..It is of concern that a substantial number of drug users are not aware that their driving is impaired...

..This study aims to develop a new alcohol hangover symptom severity scale and compare its effectiveness with the Hangover Symptoms Scale (HSS), the Acute Hangover Scale (AHS), and a one-item hangover score...

..The aim of this study was to examine differences in alcohol consumption and its consequences when consumed alone and when mixed with energy drinks...

..To enhance its usefulness in pharmacological research, a calibration study was performed to test a standardized highway driving test scenario after administration of three different dosages of alcohol and placebo...

..The purpose of this study was to validate the Dutch version of the Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire (B-YAACQ)...

..Future studies should elucidate the pathology of alcohol hangover. Until then, it is unlikely that an effective hangover cure will be developed...

..The Dutch OISQ is a suitable tool to examine the occupational impact of sleep...

..The use of benzodiazepine receptor agonists can significantly impair driving performance. The aim of this review was to determine if there is a relation between blood concentrations of these drugs and the degree of driving impairment...

..It is concluded that patient education remains the most practical approach to improve compliance and reduce accidents associated with EDS. Sleep specialists should remain up-to-date of relevant scientific literature to achieve this goal...

..The Utrecht Student Survey will be replicated in the USA, Australia, and the UK. Results will be pooled, but also examined for possible cross-cultural differences...

..The International Council on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety (ICADTS) categorization can help physicians to make a choice between treatments when patients want to drive a car...

..g., congeners), and (7) develop effective hangover remedies...

..To assess the clinical evidence on the effectiveness of any medical intervention for preventing or treating alcohol hangover...