Aletta D Kraneveld

..The goal of this review is to bring together the functional relevance of excitatory non-adrenergic-non-cholinergic (NANC) nerves and the interaction with the immune system in asthma...

..In the last 20 years, significant advances have been made in investigations of the interaction between immune cells and nervous systems in chronic inflammatory diseases such as asthma...

..In addition, the ability to inhibit pharmacologically LC-induced mast cell activation provides a therapeutic means to prevent or ameliorate the adverse bronchopulmonary manifestations of this incapacitating disorder...

..Our findings show that mast cells play a key role in the regulation of pulmonary hypersensitivity responses in this murine model for nonatopic asthma...

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..In the current study, we investigate whether N-ac-PGP influences β(2)-integrin activation and function in neutrophilic firm adhesion to endothelium...

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..Together with MMPs, PE may play an important role in the formation of PGP and thus in the pathophysiology of lung emphysema...

..Interestingly, immunoglobulin free light chains (IgLC) are able to prolong the life of neutrophils; therefore, IgLC may contribute to the chronic state of inflammation...

..Our data suggest that IgLCs may play a role in the pathogenesis of IBD, which provides novel therapeutic means to prevent or ameliorate the adverse gastrointestinal manifestations of IBD...

..In conclusion, distal from mast cell activation, the tachykinin NK1 receptor is crucial for the infiltration of pulmonary neutrophils and the development of tracheal hyperreactivity in non-atopic asthma...

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..These characteristics bear marked similarity with those observed in non-atopic asthmatic patients. Therefore, this model can be used to further study the mechanisms potentially responsible for the development of non-IgE-mediated asthma...

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..These findings suggest that TNF-alpha can play an instrumental role in causing inflammatory responses in the present murine model for IBD downstream from mast cell activation...

..To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported in vivo study in which cytokine profiles were determined after cessation of cigarette smoke exposure...

..These results show that IgLC and IgE can mediate antigen-specific responses in murine neurons. Our findings present a novel way of antigen-specific neuronal activation...

..The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cigarette smoke on neutrophil migration and on β2-integrin activation and function in neutrophilic transmigration through endothelium...

..In vivo, this may lead in the long term to a self-maintaining situation enhanced by both N-ac-PGP and CXCL8, leading to a further increase in neutrophil infiltration and chronic inflammation...

..Investigations of receptor-mediated and intracellular signal pathways in neuro-immune interactions might help to develop more effective therapeutic approaches for chronic inflammatory intestinal diseases...

..Here we investigated whether cigarette smoke extract (CSE) stimulates human PMNs to breakdown whole matrix collagen leading to the generation of the chemotactic collagen fragment N-ac-PGP...

..Therefore, mast cells can be regarded as 'Ying Yan' modulators in allergic responses in intestinal tract and airways. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Mast Cells in Inflammation...

..The cigarette smoke-induced release of CCL3 and CXCL2 by DCs may contribute to the influx of CD8(+)T cells and neutrophils into the airways, respectively...

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..This study demonstrates the importance of mast cells in the development of clinical symptoms and inflammation in the presented murine model for IBD...

..Because of a possible dual role of TLRs in airway diseases with shared symptoms and risk factors but different immunological mechanisms, caution should be taken while designing pulmonary TLR-based therapies...

..IgLCs may therefore be a novel factor in the humoral immune response to antigen exposure. Our findings open new avenues in investigating the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and their treatments...

..In conclusion, BMMC were shown to express NK(1) receptors upon IL-4/SCF coculture. This expression of NK(1) receptors has been demonstrated to be of functional relevance and leads to an increase in the sensitivity of BMMC to substance P...

..In this review the focus lies on studies appointed to the direct interaction between mast cells and nerves in IBD, IBS, and animal models for these disorders so far...

..In this study, we examined the effect of a single and a repeated hapten-challenge on inflammatory processes in the airways of mice undergoing a hapten-induced non-IgE mediated hypersensitivity reaction...

..Cigarette smoke contains high concentration of oxidants which can stimulate immune cells to produce reactive oxygen species, cytokines and chemokines...

..6. These results suggest that sensory nerves are involved in the development of small intestinal DTH reactions in the mouse. NK1 receptors could play an important role in the initiation of the DTH-induced changes in vascular leakage...

..This review focuses on the importance of (allergic) gastrointestinal problems in ASD. We provide an overview of the possible gut-to-brain pathways and discuss opportunities for pharmaceutical and/or nutritional approaches for therapy...

..Insight in the recognition of glycans in the intestinal tract may open new avenues for the treatment of intestinal inflammatory diseases by either nutritional concepts or pharmacological intervention...

..In this opinion article we will present a new hypothesis through which the chronicity and remodeling of tissue of several inflammatory diseases could be explained...

..Following this step, eosinophil-derived inflammatory mediators will induce the release of sensory neuropeptides (possibly NK2-receptor activating tachykinins) which in turn will lead to airway hyperresponsiveness...

..This feature appears to be a step following eosinophil infiltration and activation since there are no effects on eosinophil function by pretreatment of the used NK-receptor antagonists...

..Thus, PGP's activity links degradation of ECM with neutrophil recruitment in airway inflammation, and PGP may be a biomarker and therapeutic target for neutrophilic inflammatory diseases...