Y Vergouwe

..We aimed to determine at which effective sample sizes (i.e., number of events) relevant differences in model performance can be detected with adequate power...

..The authors demonstrate the use of the benchmark values using data on traumatic brain injury obtained from the International Tirilazad Trial and the North American Tirilazad Trial (1991-1994)...

..The objective was to develop a clinical prediction rule for calculating the risk of shoulder pain related sick leave for individual workers, during the 6 months following first consultation in general practice...

..Despite its benefits, it is uncommon to apply the nested case-control design in diagnostic research. We aim to show advantages of this design for diagnostic accuracy studies...

..In this study, we present the reliability, construct validity and accuracy of the PHQ-9 and PHQ-2 to detect major depressive disorder in primary care...

..The present study used an updated model with new patient data and studied the validity of the updated model across various settings...

..To illustrate the sequence of steps needed to develop and validate a clinical prediction model, when missing predictor values have been multiply imputed...

..Microalbuminuria is common in type 1 diabetes and is associated with an increased risk of renal and cardiovascular disease. We aimed to develop and validate a clinical prediction rule that estimates the absolute risk of microalbuminuria...

..Polytomous logistic regression modeling allows for simultaneous estimation of the probability of multiple diagnoses. We discuss and (empirically) illustrate the value of this method for diagnostic research...

..83 and 0.82). This study illustrates that a careful modelling strategy may result in an adequate predictive model. Further study of model validity may stimulate application in clinical practice...

..These steps include validity assessment, updating (if necessary), and impact assessment of clinical prediction rules...

..However, the rule's 'efficiency' (proportion of patients designated by the rule as very low risk) and safety (DVT prevalence among these very low risk patients) may change according to patient characteristics...

..Recently, methods to update existing prediction models with the data of new patients have been proposed. We used an existing model that preoperatively predicts the risk of severe postoperative pain (SPP) to compare five updating methods...

..We conclude that split-sample validation is inefficient, and recommend bootstrapping for estimation of internal validity of a predictive logistic regression model...

..In the event that test results (predictor) are unavailable, a strategy is needed to help users applying a prediction model to deal with such missing values. We evaluated 6 strategies to deal with missing values...

..We compared popular methods to handle missing data with multiple imputation (a more sophisticated method that preserves data)...

..To compare the effects of nutritional counselling with nutritional plus exercise counselling on body weight and waist circumference in overweight adults in a multidisciplinary primary care setting...

..The authors studied a number of different definitions of IOH, based on blood pressure thresholds and minimal episode durations, and their association with 1-yr mortality after noncardiac surgery...

..However, the model can be adjusted (updated) using the new data. The updated model is then based on both the development and validation data. We show how a simple updating method may suffice to update a clinical prediction model...

..Subsequently, we prospectively tested the modified rule in patients who underwent surgery later in time and in another hospital (external validation)...

..We aimed to compare the effectiveness of second-generation antipsychotic drugs with that of a low dose of haloperidol, in first-episode schizophrenia...

..To assess the recurrence risk of late-preterm hypertensive disease of pregnancy, and to determine whether potential risk factors are predictive...

..On the other hand, the rule might support selection of patients for RPLND, who currently are under surveillance...

..These estimated costs can be used for economic analyses of preventive strategies for severe RSV disease...

..The Leiden risk model could identify a low-risk group, while the UK risk model showed a relatively poor performance. The current study supports the use of the Leiden model for preoperative risk assessment...

..Major depressive disorder often remains unrecognized in primary care...

..Koivuranta et al.'s scoring system appears to be more robust across different populations...

..Application of a prognostic model is sensible, if the model is able to provide useful additional information for clinical decision making...

..We aimed to quantify the importance of predictors for occult metastasis by performing a systematic review of the relevant literature. In addition, we reviewed published multivariable models and risk-adapted treatment policies...

..We assessed the sustained effect of participating in an exercise program on physical activity behavior 1 yr after completion of the program. Furthermore, we aimed to identify factors that predict sustained exercise participation...

..To develop and validate a prediction model to detect sensitization to wheat allergens in bakery workers...

..CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to develop a generic model for sensitization to occupational HMW allergens. However, the weighing of predictors differs across specific work environments...

..It provides an improved index for passive immunization but further validation in other populations is required...

..To evaluate the generalizability of recently developed clinical prediction rules for the prognosis of shoulder pain in general practice...

..79) at 6 weeks and 0.67 (95% CI 0.63, 0.71) at 6 months. The performance of our rules needs to be tested in other populations of patients with shoulder pain to enable valid and reliable use of the rules in everyday clinical practice...

..The objective was to evaluate the generalizability of this prediction rule by testing it in two other populations of workers who had gone for a consultation in primary care for a new episode of shoulder pain...