Mathias Prokop

..If performed in a dose-conscious fashion, individual risks with lung and colon cancer screening are very small, but estimated population risks are non-negligible...

..Functional and perfusion imaging, as well as advanced image processing and computer-aided diagnosis programs, will add to the possibilities of the next generation of multislice CT scanners...

..The article describes how reconstruction of thick multiplanar reformations can be used to take advantage of the 3D capabilities of multislice CT while keep radiation exposure to a minimum...

..To prospectively and intraindividually compare 0.1 mmol/kg gadobenate dimeglumine with 0.2 mmol/kg gadopentetate dimeglumine for contrast material-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) angiography of the renal arteries...

..Faster effective rotation speeds together with improved dose efficiency of image reconstruction will become the main challenges for cardiac CT imaging...

..Principles of the various algorithms will be explained and their impact on image appearance will be illustrated by clinical examples. Optimum and sub-optimum parameter settings are discussed and pitfalls will be explained...

..This may have major implications for correct sizing of the endograft as well as for stent-graft design and durability as the forces on the stents may be much larger after implantation than initially anticipated by stent manufacturers...

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..Purpose: To evaluate whether thinner reconstruction thickness improves the diagnostic performance of 64-slice CT coronary angiography (CTCA) in angina patients with a positive calcium score...

..The authors developed and evaluated a computer-aided system for automatic detection and quantification of aortic calcifications in low-dose noncontrast-enhanced chest CT...

..This study compared CAC and TAC as independent predictors of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in a population of heavy smokers using low-dose, non-gated CT...

..In patients with CS <10, CTCA provides excellent diagnostic performance...

..To evaluate pulsatility and movement along the ascending thoracic aorta using dynamic electrocardiographically-gated 64-slice cine computed tomographic angiography (CTA)...

..In a second experiment on 100 chest CT scans with incomplete fissures, the method is shown to perform well...

..We evaluated the interscan agreement of CAC scores from two consecutive low-dose ungated MDCT examinations...

..To evaluate prospectively the value of size, shape, margin and density in discriminating between benign and malignant CT screen detected solid non-calcified pulmonary nodules...

..Fat surrounding coronary arteries may be involved in the process of coronary atherosclerosis, although this is different for patients with low and high BMIs...

..This is the first follow-up study to investigate the prognostic relevance of subclinical coronary (CAC) and aortic calcification (TAC) as contained in routine diagnostic chest CT in a clinical care population...

..To study the impact of image subtraction of registered images on the detection of change in pulmonary ground-glass nodules identified on chest CT...

..When the fissures are incomplete, an observer study shows agreement of the automatically determined lobe borders with a radiologist for 81% of the lobe borders on average...

..To assess the effect of a computer-assisted detection (CAD) prototype on observer performance for detection of acute pulmonary embolism (PE) with computed tomographic (CT) pulmonary angiography...

..To utilize dynamic computed tomographic angiography (CTA) on pre- and postoperative endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) patients to characterize cardiac-induced aortic motion within the aneurysm neck, an essential EVAR sealing zone...

..To investigate impact of distribution of computed tomography (CT) emphysema on severity of airflow limitation and gas exchange impairment in current and former heavy smokers participating in a lung cancer screening trial...

..An additional CT perfusion (CTP) scan is acquired of these patients to assess the perfusion of the cerebral tissue. The aim of this study is to extend the diagnostic yield of the CTP scans to also include vascular information...

..1 false positives per scan. A calcium score was computed for each scan and subjects were assigned one of four risk categories based on this score. The method assigned the correct risk category to 93.4% of all scans...

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..Moreover, the additional atlas selection step led to a faster segmentation at a comparable performance...

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..To estimate the performance of digital chest radiography for detection of lung cancer...

..Smoking is a major risk factor for both cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Computed tomography (CT)-based lung cancer screening may provide an opportunity to detect additional individuals with COPD at an early stage...

..To assess how computer-aided detection (CAD) affects reader performance in detecting early lung cancer on chest radiographs...

..A prospective follow-up study was conducted to examine the relationship between 9&emsp14;year change in abdominal obesity and risk of coronary artery calcification (CAC)...

..To compare manual measurements of diameter, volume, and mass of pulmonary ground-glass nodules (GGNs) to establish which method is best for identifying malignant GGNs by determining change across time...

..The association between the extent of emphysema in male current and former smokers and lung function decline was investigated...

..To investigate the value of aneurysm sac volume measurement in addition to diameter measurements based on computed tomographic angiography (CTA) after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR)...

..Recognition of PFNs can reduce the number of follow-up examinations required for the workup of suspicious nodules. © RSNA, 2012...

..To suggest a simple and robust technique used to reconstruct high-quality computed tomographic (CT) angiographic images from CT perfusion data and to compare it with currently used CT angiography techniques...

..To prospectively compare maximum intensity projection (MIP) and volume rendering (VR) of multidetector computed tomographic (CT) data for the detection of small intrapulmonary nodules...

..A method to combine the output of multiple systems is proposed. Results show a substantial performance difference between algorithms, and demonstrate that combining the output of algorithms leads to marked performance improvements...

..The purpose of the study was to assess the stand-alone performance of computer-assisted detection (CAD) for evaluation of pulmonary CT angiograms (CTPA) performed in an on-call setting...

..5%-25.6%). Segmented volumes of each package were compared to each of the other packages. Systematic volume differences were detected in 11/15 comparisons. This hampers comparison of nodule volumes between software packages...

..To determine whether peri-coronary epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is associated with vascular risk factors and coronary atherosclerosis...

..We aimed to determine the diagnostic performance of human observers to visually evaluate COPD presence on CT images, in comparison to automated evaluation using quantitative CT measures...

..No significant relation was found between remodeling index or spotty calcification and UAP. In conclusion, noncalcified plaques and large noncalcified culprit plaques are more frequently found in patients with UAP than in those with SAP...

..The method was able to segment the pulmonary segments with high accuracy (77%), comparable to both interobserver and intraobserver accuracy (74% and 80%, respectively)...

..To prospectively investigate the influence of contrast material concentration on enhancement in cardiac CT by using a biphasic single-injection protocol...

..To retrospectively assess volume measurement variability in solid pulmonary nodules (volume, 15-500 mm(3)) detected at lung cancer screening and to quantify the independent effects of nodule morphology, size, and location...

..To examine the morphologic characteristics of focal fatty foci in the myocardium of patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) at computed tomography (CT)...

..With this collection of computed tomography and magnetic resonance images, we illustrate a recently described novel finding in the myocardium of patients with tuberous sclerosis complex...

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..Furthermore, the quality assurance measures and the NELSON management system (NMS) are presented...

..NOVA filtering of a CT image of typically 400 x 512 x 512 voxels takes only a couple of minutes which makes it suitable for routine use in clinical practice...

..5 %. CONCLUSIONS: The expiratory to inspiratory ratio of mean lung density (E/I-ratio(MLD)) is most suitable for detecting air trapping on low-dose screening CT and performs significantly better than other suggested quantitative measures...

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..In a large quantitative evaluation on a database of 150 scans from different sources, the hybrid method is shown to perform substantially better than a conventional approach at a relatively low increase in computational cost...

..To examine the prevalence of in-stent lesions 1 month after carotid artery stent placement with multidetector computed tomography (CT) angiography and to evaluate their possible causes and their consequences during 1-year follow-up...

..The system performance does not significantly differ from that of the observers, when the perihilar regions are excluded from evaluation, and reaches A(z) = 0.85 for the system, with A(z) = 0.88 for both observers...

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..To determine the variation in quantitative computed tomography (CT) measures of air trapping in low-dose chest CTs of heavy smokers...

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..To determine whether blood pool contrast agent-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can visualize endoleaks that are occult on computed tomography (CT) in patients with nonshrinking aneurysms after endovascular aneurysm repair...

..The purpose of this study was to investigate if areas of abnormal myocardium in patients with TSC could also be found in post-mortem specimens...

..Furthermore, the TIPS bilateral filter is computationally faster than both the 3D and 4D bilateral filters...

..To retrospectively evaluate the effect of a small variation of scan starting position on coronary artery calcium scores based on nonoverlapping 3-mm multidetector computed tomographic (CT) data sets...

..70, 0.53+/-0.02, and 0.40+/-0.03, respectively. The question whether or not a class of abnormality was present in a slice could be answered by the computer system with an accuracy comparable to that of radiologists...

..Diagnostic algorithms are outlined that describe the role of CT in context with the pretest probability, the D-Dimer, lower limb sonography and scintigraphy...

..Additionally, we estimated their relationship with obesity and metabolic syndrome in patients suspected of coronary artery disease (CAD)...

..The focus of the review is hereby on adult applications, the relationship between dose and image quality and the differences between the various detector systems...

..For both applications, combination results in a large and significant increase in performance when compared to the best individual CAD system...

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..To retrospectively determine interobserver variability of semiautomated volume measurements of pulmonary nodules and the potential reasons for variability...

..To prospectively assess the effects of lower tube voltage and various effective tube currents on image quality for computed tomographic (CT) angiography of the circle of Willis...

..This paper provides a current overview of CT contrast media, CT contrast dynamics, and CT contrast applications with a special focus on oncological imaging...

..Finally, CT examinations should be planned in such a way that radiosensitive organs are as far as possible from the imaged volume...

..Recent work in these areas is surveyed, but we conclude that the amount of research devoted to these topics is modest. Reasons for the slow pace of CAD development in chest radiography beyond nodules are discussed...

..The potential for graft migration, intermittent type I endoleak, and poor patient outcome following EVAR can be anticipated. Complex aortic dynamics deserve increased scrutiny in an effort to prevent potential complications...

..04 to 2.37). After adjusting for age, the relation did not change (OR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.07 to 2.53). We concluded that high blood pressure during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of coronary calcification later in life...

..In addition, research trends and challenges are identified and directions for future research are discussed...

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..Although CTCA has clearly left the research environment, the precise role of CTCA in the diagnostic work-up of coronary artery disease needs further research...

..To assess specific clinical criteria in patients with uveitis that are related to signs of sarcoidosis on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest...

..The refined registration scheme enjoys the additional benefit that it does not require pathological (hand-segmented) training data...

..To evaluate the performance of the most recent generation of storage phosphor plates for the detection of low-contrast catheter material on bedside chest radiographs...

..Compared to 2-K radiographs, 4-K storage phosphor chest radiographs do not provide superior detection performance or image quality when evaluated in identical hard copy formats...

..Nodule volumetry is accurate with a reasonable volume error in data from different scanner vendors. This may have an important impact for intraindividual follow-up studies...

..When pooling with Danish trial data (n = +/-4,000) NELSON is the only trial without screening in controls that is expected to have 80% power to show a lung cancer mortality reduction of at least 25% 10 years after randomisation...

..CONCLUSION: At reduced radiation exposure, low kilovoltage scanning increases the percentage of central and peripheral pulmonary arteries that can be evaluated with CT angiography without a substantial decrease in image quality...

..To measure radiation doses for computed tomography (CT) of the head, chest, and abdomen and compare them with the diagnostic reference levels, as part of the International Atomic Energy Agency Research coordination project...

..A further dose reduction does not appear to be feasible for DR without significant loss of image quality...

..To compare image quality of digital chest radiographs using 2 modes of gradation adjustment...

..Under ideal reading conditions, CRT and LCD displays perform equivalently for the detection of simulated subtle pulmonary lesions...

..In the current study, the authors assessed the discomfort associated with CT scanning and the subsequent wait for results and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) over time...

..We sought to evaluate the performance of dual-readout and single-readout computed radiography compared with direct radiography for detecting subtle lung abnormalities with a standard and a low-dose technique...

..Especially in a PACS environment, CR and DR systems will increasingly substitute for conventional radiography with advantages for CR for bedside chest radiographs and for DR for high-end chest stands...

..In images judged preferentially, we found a significant superiority for LCD for delineating mediastinal structures and for CRT display for delineating structures in the lung...

..We sought to evaluate whether soft-copy reading of simulated pulmonary chest lesions is influenced by ambient light and automatic optimization of cathode ray tube (CRT) monitor luminance...

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..Stent-grafts are used to close large vascular lacerations, ruptured aortic aneurysms, and the entry tear of dissections. Interventional radiology methods play a major role in managing vascular emergencies...