D Grobbee

..When calculating the 20-year risk of coronary heart disease based on brachial DBP, SSH individuals were at intermediate risk between normotensive and hypertensive participants, but differences were not statistically significant...

..He must justly represent the known risks and benefits such that his patient can make a reasonably Informed choice. Should the physician cite the number needed to treat or the average duration of life gained to clarify his explanations?..

..Hence, imaging studies support early intervention with statins in coronary heart disease patients, irrespective of lipid level...

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..The Netherlands Federation of Societies for Medical Research has produced guidelines which researchers should follow when carrying out their research...

..To investigate whether an important football match increases stress to such an extent that it triggers acute myocardial infarction and stroke...

..To describe the patterns and to assess the indicators of hormone use during the menopausal transition period in a Dutch population...

..This offers a novel explanation for the inconsistent findings on cardiovascular disease rate and its relationship to menopausal age and effects of hormone replacement therapy...

..However, there was a modest effect of early menopause on cardiovascular disease. The effect was more pronounced for women with an artificial menopause than for women with a natural menopause...

..In conclusion, our results suggest that specific polymorphisms in the ESR1 and PGR genes may make women more susceptible to the effects of hormone therapy use on mammographic density...

..45 (95% CI 1.24-4.86), compared to women with zero putative at risk genotypes. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that presence of three or more putative at risk genotypes increases breast cancer risk...

..Our results suggest that in elderly and late postmenopausal women hormonal factors do not predict quality of life...

..CONCLUSION: Lower birth weight indicates a higher risk for metabolic syndrome in young adults, particularly through higher serum triglycerides and higher systolic blood pressure...

..In conclusion, we found no indications that this brief famine has affected overall cancer risk, exclusive of breast cancer. Counteracting increased caloric intake following the famine, however, may have obscured any relation...

..CONCLUSION: In young men, PWV and CIMT are better measures of CHD risk than AIx. In women, AIx, PWV and CIMT estimate CHD risk equally well...

..Although relative density is a relevant prognostic factor, inferences about the etiology of breast density should be made on the basis of absolute measures...

..The selection of these polymorphisms was based on previously published associations with osteoporosis and spontaneous abortions...

..CONCLUSION: Common CIMT is associated with the occurrence of new vascular events, mostly for ischaemic stroke, in patients with manifest arterial disease. This relation does not appear to depend on the presence of plaques...

..Recent studies indicate that depression plays an important role in the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The underlying mechanisms are not well understood...

..Yet, the risk relation has not been confirmed, and data on ischemic stroke (IS) is scarce. We therefore investigated the role of this polymorphism on occurrence of AMI, coronary heart disease (CHD) and IS...

..Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in UCP-3 might result in a reduced function or expression of UCP-3 and therefore lead to an increased capacity to store energy as fat...

..The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between PPA and cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular risk in a population-based sample of 40- to 80-year old men...

..We determined whether increased blood pressure is a risk factor for changes in these parameters in postmenopausal women free of left ventricular hypertrophy...

..Serum testosterone levels decline significantly with aging. Testosterone supplementation to older men might beneficially affect the aging processes...

..12-1.68) for AD and BD users compared with no AD and no BD users. We did not find an increased risk of diabetes in individuals using ADs. The association between BD use and diabetes was partly explained by chronic somatic comorbidity...

..We examined sodium and potassium intake in relation to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality in an unselected older population...

..The goal of this work was to assess whether high dietary glycemic load and glycemic index are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)...

..Aging is associated with a decline in cognitive function; we explored the possible influence of dietary phytoestrogens on this decline...

..Atherosclerosis is often advanced before symptoms appear and it is not clear whether treatment is beneficial in middle-aged individuals with a low Framingham risk score (FRS) and mild to moderate subclinical atherosclerosis...

..We present baseline data from the METEOR study, a randomized, placebo-controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of rosuvastatin 40 mg on changes in CIMT. We set out to compare differences in CIMT between several subgroups of individuals...

..However, adaptation of the model is necessary because of the sampling. We compared three methods that were proposed in the literature, which differ in weighting of study subjects: Prentice's, Barlow's, and Self and Prentice's method...

..We conclude that low levels of adiponectin are associated with adverse changes in morphology and function of central arteries over time independently of other cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal non-diabetic women...

..In conclusion, we identified common allelic variants specifically associated with distinctly different eating patterns, namely extreme snacking behavior or excessive portion size...

..CONCLUSIONS: Neither serum iron nor transferrin saturation was associated with an increased stroke risk. However, higher serum ferritin concentrations in postmenopausal women are associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke...

..The aim of this research was to study whether the relation between endothelial function measured by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery and cardiovascular risk factors is affected by the baseline cardiovascular risk...

..0 (95% CI: 0.7, 1.5) and 0.7 (0.5, 1.1), respectively. Tests for trend were nonsignificant. CONCLUSION: In Western populations, a high intake of isoflavones or mammalian lignans is not significantly related to breast cancer risk...

..This supports the presence of a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease with moderate alcohol consumption, which may be mediated in part by HDL cholesterol...

..We discuss the various options and provide a pooled estimate of CIMT progression. In addition, we quantify the effect of these choices on the sample size for a RCT...

..CONCLUSION: Our findings strengthen the notion that elevated BP at adolescence and a relative increase in BP from adolescence to adulthood unfavorably affect cardiovascular risk, as indicated by increased CIMT...

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..CONCLUSIONS: The improvement in endothelial function in postmenopausal women treated with CEE+MPA appears to be partially mediated by change in Lp(a), and apparently not by changes in other lipids...

..However, this relation appears to be different for estrone levels in plasma and urine. Depending on the research question, either blood samples or urine samples may be preferred...

..Increased PWV marks an increased risk of stroke, coronary heart disease, and death within 10-12 years...

..To evaluate whether risk assessment scales can be used to identify patients who are likely to get pressure ulcers...

..The excess risk was more attributable to death from CV causes, independent of the effects of other CV risk factors, and the relationship was already apparent at levels of albuminuria currently considered to be normal...

..65 (95% CI: 0.48, 0.87), 0.66 (95% CI: 0.42, 1.05), and 0.41 (95% CI: 0.21, 0.77), respectively. In conclusion, an inverse association between alcohol consumption and peripheral arterial disease was found in nonsmoking men and women...

..We examined whether caloric restriction imposed as a consequence of the 1944-1945 Dutch famine reduced the risk of breast cancer in women participating in a Dutch breast cancer screening program...

..We studied whether polymorphisms in N-acetyltransferase 1 and 2 and Glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 genes modify the association between meat consumption and breast cancer...

..41, 95% confidence interval = 0.22-0.76, P for trend over tertiles = 0.004). CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest a protective effect of dietary lignan intake on blood pressure and hypertension, even at low levels...

..In particular, ischemic heart disease mortality is 2% lower. Although the risk of death from uterine or ovarian cancer is increased by 5%, the net effect of a later menopause is an increased lifespan...

..02 (1.11-3.71)]. Isoflavone intake was not related to cognitive function. From our results we conclude that higher dietary intake of lignans is associated with better cognitive function in postmenopausal women...

..However, these increased sex steroid levels are not translated into an increased breast cancer risk in these women...

..The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of the metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance on the presence of coronary collaterals...

..We investigated whether habitual low phytoestrogen intake is associated with manifest cardiovascular disease risk...

..Whether certain subgroups of women (eg, equol producers) do benefit from the intervention remains to be elucidated...

..It is premature to advise postmenopausal women with low phytoestrogen intake to change their diet towards a phytoestrogen rich diet with the sole aim to prevent cardiovascular disease...

..71 (0.50, 1.00) and 0.48 (0.32, 0.71), respectively]. Phylloquinone intake was not related to any of the outcomes. These findings suggest that an adequate intake of menaquinone could be important for CHD prevention...

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..03) explained only 0.16% of the variance in BMD. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that it is not necessary to use more reproductive factors besides age at menopause and menarche in determining total duration of endogenous estrogen exposure...

..CONCLUSIONS: Mortality was highest for women in the highest BMI quartile (> or =27.77). Extreme weight gain or weight loss within 1 y was not statistically significantly associated with subsequent higher mortality...

..55 points (95% CI, -0.82 to -0.28). In conclusion, high intake of phytoestrogens in postmenopausal women appears to be associated with a favorable metabolic cardiovascular risk profile...