A Jan Hendriks

..This field will benefit from empirical studies on chemicals, conditions, and species, identified as risky by the model. Other implications of the model for environmental management and research are discussed...

..Several possibilities for additional refinement are identified...

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..Moreover, the concept is applied to species (e.g., plants, lean animals) and substances (e.g., specific modes of action) that were scarcely studied quantitatively so far...

..For improving predictions of concentrations in sediment and aquatic biota, including emissions to water was found to be relevant as well...

..For arthropod-eating vertebrates, these results might imply that larger prey availability in the floodplain coincides with higher metal concentrations in prey, possibly leading to increased exposure to metal contamination...

..We conclude that a wide range of life cycle environmental assessment methodologies point into the same environmental direction for the production of many commodities...

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..Depending on the weighing method to be considered, the inclusion of impacts on warm-blooded predators can change the relative ranking of toxic chemicals in a life cycle assessment...

..6 (Common shrew) to 1.7 (Common vole) from field measurements...

..Nevertheless, the model provides a first step towards integrating and quantifying the impacts of multiple stressors on white-tailed eagle populations...

..This implies that including routine measurements of BC contents is crucial in improving risk estimations of PAHs...

..Comparison with empirical elimination rates shows that rate constants of loss are accurately predicted assuming that cadmium is only released via growth dilution...

..This can help environmental managers to prioritize management options, and to reduce local risks...

..These observations indicate that the accumulation behavior of PFOS is comparable to that of short and medium chained fatty acids...

..Average, weight-corrected elimination rate constants are relatively similar among metals and species, suggesting that a single weight-corrected elimination rate constant can be used in bioaccumulation studies on aquatic species...

..Our results indicate that the model accurately predicts cadmium accumulation in earthworms, voles and shrews when accounting for geochemical availability of metals and saturable uptake kinetics...

..In general, these findings emphasize the relevance of analyzing effects of toxic substances in concert with the effects of other relevant stressors...

..40, and [formula in text]. The lack of significant relationships between EC50 cu2+ and concentrations of the cations was not in line with the main assumption of the BLM about the competition between cations for binding sites...

..Validation on independent data showed that bio-concentration factors of PCBs, chlorobenzenes and other chemicals were predicted well by the model. For pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and dioxins deviations occurred...

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..A case study showed that uncertainty in estimated BAF for nonpersistent substances can be dominated by uncertainty in the rate constants for metabolic transformation...

..The general patterns of metabolism were mechanistically interpreted in terms of partitioning theory. Information on the overall principles determining biotransformation may be helpful in predicting metabolic rates...

..For quagga mussels, modeled concentrations of (66) Zn and (68) Zn differed approximately 14% from the measured levels. Differences between predictions and measurements were higher for other metals...

..In 10 mg L(-1) and 100 mg L(-1) CeO(2) nanoparticle suspensions, homoaggregation is likely the main mechanism leading to sedimentation. The proposed model could form the basis for improved exposure assessment for nanomaterials...

..From the conceptual framework, we conclude that for a mechanistic gene population link in risk management, research is required that includes at least one meaningful end point at each level of organization...

..The results of this study are interesting to water managers in Western Europe as they contribute to understanding the potential impact of climate change on water quality/quantity patterns in regional water systems...

..As a consequence, acute toxicity data obtained for temperate organisms may serve to obtain a first indication of risks in polar regions...

..A major reason for this high uncertainty is nonfossil energy related emissions and land use, such as landfill leachates, radionuclide emissions, and land use in agriculture and forestry...

..2 (K(ow)&K(hw)) and RMSE=15.7 (K(ow) only). The model can be used to estimate the oral uptake efficiency for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds...

..Since temperature has such a major impact on toxicity, a temperature correction may be necessary when translating toxicity data from the laboratory to the field...

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..This results in very low elimination rates, which are comparable to model predictions for metals...

..To avoid over- or underestimation regarding the toxicity of substances to field populations, results of standard toxicity tests should be applied in a location-specific way...

..Furthermore, inclusion of CM in a model enables metabolic transformation rates to be calculated from the remaining overestimation in the model results when compared to measured data...

..This is a strong indication that Tenax-extractable concentrations of contaminants in sediments are an excellent indicator of available concentrations...

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..fischeri, D. magna and C. riparius was negligible...

..Next to the target compounds, several brominated and chlorinated non-target compounds were detected by means of GC with atomic emission detection and tentatively identified using mass spectral library searching...