D Kromhout

..Little is known about the effects of dietary fiber intake on long-term mortality...

..A global epidemic of obesity is developing. Current prevalence rates are about 20-25% in American adults and 15-20% in Europeans...

..It can be concluded that a diet low in saturated and trans fatty acids and rich in plant foods in combination with regular fish consumption is associated with a low risk of cardiovascular mortality...

..It can be concluded that a diet low in saturated and trans fatty acids and rich in plant foods in combination with regular fish consumption is associated with a low risk of cardiovascular mortality...

..The Seven Countries Study has shown that population mortality rates for various chronic diseases are related to diet and smoking. This paper addresses the associations between diet, smoking and 25-year all-cause mortality...

..This percentage increases sharply after age 65. Health policy for primordial prevention of CVD in The Netherlands is aimed at reduction of smoking prevalence, improvement of dietary habits, and promotion of physical activity...

..Not only dietary cholesterol but also different fatty acids and antioxidants play a role in the genesis of atherosclerosis...

..These results suggest that a diet low in saturated fat and rich in antioxidants in combination with no smoking is associated with low CHD risk...

..5; 95% CI, 0.3-1.0). Consumption of vegetables and particularly the consumption of fruit could considerably lower the risk of dying from cancer in middle-aged men...

....

..However, because adjustment could only be limited in this study, high intake of refined grains may just reflect the deleterious effect of a diet low in fruits or other characteristics associated with low fruit consumption...

..Catechins are the major components of tea, but they are present in many other plant foods as well...

..In conclusion, a common variant of the LPL gene (D9N) adversely affects plasma lipid and lipoprotein profiles. However, the unfavorable consequences may be counteracted by physical activity...

..In conclusion, we observed a U-shaped curve between alcohol consumption and 20-year chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mortality in middle-aged men that was supported by cross-sectional data on alcohol and pulmonary function...

..Cerebrovascular disease and the apolipoprotein e4 (APOE*4) allele are both important risk factors for cognitive decline. We investigated the combined effect of APOE*4 and cerebrovascular disease on cognitive decline...

..This study investigates the association between 5-year change in cognitive functioning and subsequent mortality...

..Catechins, which belong to the flavonoid family, are the main components of tea and may be responsible for the alleged protective effect. Taking catechin sources other than tea into account might clarify the reported associations...

....

..CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest independent beneficial effects of fruits, whole grains and alcohol on COPD that are largely additive and cannot be explained by smoking habits...

..In conclusion, in this prospective analysis among European smoking men, fruit intake was inversely related to lung cancer mortality. This association was confined to heavy cigarette smokers...

..In these elderly men prevalent morbidity and comorbidity was relatively common and it explained a large proportion of excess in all-cause mortality in 10 years of follow-up...

..An elevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentration is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Folate, riboflavin, vitamin B-6, and vitamin B-12 are essential in homocysteine metabolism...

..Our results suggest that both modifiable factors and the apolipoprotein E polymorphism contribute to a lipid profile, reflecting low, average and high risk for coronary heart disease, but effects may be gender-specific...

....

..1- to 1.7-micromol/liter change in plasma total homocysteine level. The authors conclude that lifestyle changes could result in a public-health-relevant change in plasma total homocysteine concentrations...

..Physical activity may be associated with better cognition...

..It appears that fiber intake best indicates the part of plant food consumption, including whole grains, that is relevant for lowering colorectal cancer risk...

..93 (95% CI=0.65-1.33) for vitamin E. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest a protective effect of fruit and possibly vitamin E intake against COPD. No effect was observed for intake of vitamin C, beta-carotene, vegetables and fish...

....

..CONCLUSION: In these elderly men only age, smoking habits and heart rate were consistently associated with all-cause mortality...

..We investigated this relation in a Dutch population with a fairly high trans fatty acid intake, including trans fatty acids from partly hydrogenated fish oils...

..Emotional control is hypothesized to increase cancer incidence and cancer mortality risk. We tested the hypothesis prospectively on all cancers in elderly men...

..The apparent association between tea consumption and increased mortality in this population merits further investigation...

..06 to 3.27) for the medium intake and 1.56 (95% CI 0.83 to 2.93) for the highest intake (P: for trend=0.17). These results do not support the hypothesis that dietary arginine intake lowers the risk of coronary heart disease mortality...

..population: (a) What is the impact of seven somatic chronic conditions on self-rated health, independent of disabilities? and (b) To what extent can poor self-rated health be attributed to the selected chronic conditions and disabilities?..

..Given the results of current prospective studies, a protective cardiac effect of alpha-linolenic acid is questionable...

..Furthermore, we showed that comparison of P-tHcy data is complicated unless the interlaboratory differences are known. @ 2001 Elsevier Science Inc...

..Based on studies published so far, the protective effect of physical activity on stroke remains controversial. Specifically, there is a lack of insight into the sources of heterogeneity between studies...

..Solid fruit, but not tea, intake was beneficially associated with COPD. Our results suggest a beneficial effect of a high intake of catechins and solid fruits against COPD...

..Ten-year coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality in elderly male cohorts in three European countries was evaluated as a function of silent resting Minnesota Code electrocardiographic (ECG) findings found at baseline. METHODS and..

..The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between level of physical activity and risk of cognitive decline at older age and its variation across carriers and noncarriers of the apolipoprotein e4 allele...

....

..To examine whether a high dietary glycemic index is associated with hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in elderly men...

..Therefore, other genetic or lifestyle-related factors must be responsible for the increased levels of apo B in individuals with a family history of myocardial infarction...

..Moreover, little is known about the effects of long-term alcohol intake on life expectancy...

..Confirmation of our results by those of other studies is needed in order to quantify health promotion messages...

..To describe long-term and recent time trends in the prevalence of obesity by age and educational level...

....

..No significant trend was observed with time since quitting. CONCLUSIONS: Generally, the higher the amount of smoking, the higher were quality of life differences between ex- and current smokers...

..To assess possible changes in the incidence of diabetes in all age-groups in The Netherlands during a 10-year period (1980-1983/1990-1992)...

..However, differences in bioavailability of the various catechins may play a role; effects on individual cancer sites cannot be excluded and merit further investigation...

..Another explanation is that vitamin E may only function protectively in the presence of sufficient co-antioxidants. At present, there is no evidence that vitamin E lowers the risk of coronary heart disease...

..004) on depressive symptoms than did men who improved. Discussion: Hierarchic severity levels, sum score of disability, and preceding changes in disability status are risk factors for depressive symptoms...

..Average body weight and body mass index showed universal increases in both middle-aged and older men after 1960...

..Hypertension is a dominant characteristic in the prediction of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). We aimed to evaluate the association of blood pressure measurements with CVD mortality among different populations of the world...

..Plant lignans are converted to enterolignans that have antioxidant and weak estrogen-like activities, and therefore they may lower cardiovascular disease and cancer risks...

....

..We investigated to what extent depressive symptoms are a true risk factor for cardiovascular mortality in elderly men...

..We studied whether habitual cocoa intake was cross-sectionally related to blood pressure and prospectively related with cardiovascular mortality...

..58-1.58) and smoking habits had a larger HR of 1.54 (95% CI 1.26-1.89). CONCLUSIONS: Age and serum cholesterol were differently related with typical and atypical CHD deaths, suggesting different etiologies for these coronary diseases...

....

..Only a few observational studies have related plasma carotene and alpha-tocopherol to mortality in elderly subjects...

..Forty-year cardiovascular mortality and its association with entry risk factor levels are reported for men enrolled in the Italian Rural Areas of the Seven Countries Study of Cardiovascular Diseases...

..Associations between serum cholesterol concentration and risk of stroke mortality are weak...

..This study does not indicate an important role for other carotenoids, tocopherols, or vitamin C in lowering the risk of CVD death...

..Depression is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in vascular patients as well as in the general population. We investigated whether autonomic dysfunction could explain this relationship...

..Serum phospholipid polyunsaturated fatty acids did not correlate with depression. This study did not show that the polyunsaturated fatty acids in the adipose tissue are better predictors of depression than those in serum phospholipids...

..We therefore studied whether dispositional optimism was associated with healthy lifestyle and dietary habits...

..One of the hypotheses to explain this relation is that depressed subjects become physically inactive. We set out to determine the role of physical inactivity in the relation between depressive symptoms and cardiovascular mortality...

..The acceleration in mortality risk for CHD mortality in different countries, described by the shape of the Weibull distribution, is related to changes in mean levels of major coronary risk factors...

..We assessed differences in oxidative stress, and iron and antioxidant status between elderly men living in Mediterranean southern Europe (Crete, Greece) and northern Europe (Zutphen, The Netherlands)...

..Indications have been seen of a protective effect of fish consumption and the intake of n-3 fatty acids on cognitive decline. However, studies are scarce and results inconsistent...

..To study the effect of long-term smoking on all-cause and cause-specific mortality, and to estimate the effects of cigarette and cigar or pipe smoking on life expectancy...

..Forty-year all-cause mortality and its association with entry risk factor levels are reported for men enrolled in the Italian Rural Areas of the Seven Countries Study of Cardiovascular Diseases...

..Recent studies indicate that depression plays an important role in the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The underlying mechanisms are not well understood...

..The extent and benefits of adherence to lifestyle and dietary recommendations in secondary prevention are largely unknown...

..Important changes in cardiovascular and all-cause mortality rates are occurring in Western and Eastern Europe, each with their own dynamics. Differences in trends will be analysed and possible causes are discussed...

..In conclusion, epidemiological studies and intervention trials suggest that the Cretan Mediterranean diet lowers the risk of coronary heart disease...

..To investigate in different countries the effects of becoming widowed, duration of widowhood, and household composition of widowed men on disability onset in different disability domains...

..The purpose of this study is to determine reproducibility and relative validity of the Short QUestionnaire to ASsess Health-enhancing physical activity (SQUASH)...

..The impact of this genotype and its modification by overweight may be smaller than suggested previously...

....

..To compare self-reported disability and performance-based limitation and their association in elderly men from three European countries...

..The mechanism underlying this association might involve genomic instability as a result of insufficient methylation of genomic DNA...

..Higher folate concentrations may be protective of CHD, but this needs confirmation...

..CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate the potential power of a multifactorial approach to risk factor reduction in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality...

..To determine whether physical activity is associated with glucose tolerance in the elderly...

..We evaluated the effect of meat consumption and cigarette smoking in combination with N-acetyltransferases 1 and 2 (NAT1 and NAT2), and glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) genotypes on colorectal cancer...

..The purpose of this study was to identify factors of the physical environment that may influence time spent on walking and bicycling...

..In conclusion, adherence to the guidelines for fruit and vegetable intake was associated with lower cancer risk. Besides quantity, variety in intake is also of importance...

..To investigate the effect of disability severity and the contribution of self-rated health and depressive symptoms to 10-year mortality...

..The purpose was to study the association of a single serum cholesterol measurement with early and late coronary and other cardiovascular deaths during 35 years of follow-up in samples of men aged 40-59 years in five European countries...

..To investigate the relationship between duration and intensity of physical activity and disability 10 years later, and to investigate the possible effect of selective mortality...

..40 [95% CI: 1.61-3.60] and 2.55 [95% CI: 1.72-3.78], respectively. CONCLUSION: The variation in cardiovascular medication use could not explain the excess risk of mortality in the rural Serbian cohorts compared to urban Belgrade...

..In brief, this study shows that the amount of enterolignan precursors in the diet has previously been largely underestimated...

..To examine age related changes in physical functioning in elderly men and women...

..CONCLUSIONS: The Cretan cohort displays favourable 40-year survival. Even so, long-term predictors of the hazard of both all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality are present...