James M McQueen

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..These adjustments in fricative perception therefore do not depend on explicit judgments during exposure. This learning effect thus reflects automatic retuning of the interpretation of acoustic-phonetic information...

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..g., faster responses to related than to unrelated targets, irrespective of expectations). Although phonological priming thus has both automatic and strategic components, it is possible to cleave them apart...

..Native-language subtitles appear to create lexical interference, but foreign-language subtitles assist speech learning by indicating which words (and hence sounds) are being spoken...

..Listeners' abilities to normalize for speaker-vocal-tract properties are for an important part the result of a process that influences representations of speech sounds early in the speech processing stream...

..We thus argue that probabilistic knowledge about the effect of following context in speech production is used prelexically in perception to help resolve lexical ambiguities caused by continuous-speech processes...

..These results suggest that speaking rate is used to disambiguate words and that rate-modulated stress cues are more important on initial than noninitial syllables. Speaking rate affects perception of suprasegmental information...

..Extrinsic normalization of vowels is due, at least in part, to an auditory process that may require familiarity with the spectrotemporal characteristics of speech...

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..Knowledge about what constitutes a phonologically acceptable word in a given language therefore determines whether vowelless stretches of speech are or are not treated as acceptable parts of the lexical parse...

..Equivalent effects were found when listeners heard speech from other talkers in the 12 h interval, and when they had the opportunity to consolidate learning during sleep...

..Phonetic detail appears to influence lexical access only to the extent that it is useful: In Dutch, presence versus absence of prevoicing is more informative than amount of prevoicing...

..We conclude that perceptual learning about idiosyncratic speech is applied at a segmental level and is, under these exposure conditions, talker specific...

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..In the left hemisphere, contrastive effects are smaller and largely restricted to speech contexts...

..Under these conditions, however, lexically guided retuning was position independent: It generalized across syllabic positions. Lexical retuning can thus benefit future recognition of particular sounds wherever they appear in words...

..This is consistent with listeners treating consonant sequences as potential realizations of parts of existing lexical candidates wherever possible...

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..The nature of the visual environment appears to induce implicit biases toward particular modes of processing during language-mediated visual search...

..These data can be used to improve models of how acoustic-phonetic information is mapped onto the mental lexicon during speech comprehension...

..Furthermore, prior to segmental disambiguation, initially stressed words were stronger lexical competitors than noninitially stressed words. Listeners recognize words by immediately using all relevant information in the speech signal...

..The results will be contrasted with results from an experiment without delayed testing and related to accounts of how listeners maintain adaptation to foreign-accented speech...

..Thisfinding suggests that the viability constraint which inhibits spurious embedded word candidates is not sensitive to language-specific word structure, but is universal...

..Lexical competition between stop- and cluster-initial words, therefore, is modulated by segment duration differences of only 30 msec...

..In Experiment 2, the participants made more fixations to target pictures when the [s] was shortened than when it was lengthened. Utterance interpretation can therefore be influenced by individual segment duration alone...

..Recognition of newly acquired words is influenced by prior prosodic knowledge and is therefore not determined solely on the basis of stored episodes of those words...

..Voice recognition is thus supported by neural voice spaces that are organized around flexible 'mean voice' representations...

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..The nonstrategic component of phonological facilitation may reflect speech perception processes that operate prior to lexical access...

..In contrast to on-line feedback, lexical feedback for learning is of benefit to spoken word recognition (e.g., in adapting to a newly encountered dialect)...

..Furthermore, both of these types of representation are distinct from the long-term memory representations of word form and meaning...

..We argue that lexically guided learning is an efficient general strategy available for exploitation by different specific perceptual tasks...

..The success of Shortlist B suggests that listeners make optimal Bayesian decisions during spoken-word recognition...