A F Leentjens

..These disease-specific cutoff scores were highest in PD, lower in AD, and lowest in stroke patients...

..The aim of this study was to assess whether general risk factors for major depressive disorder (MDD) in the community are also risk factors for PSD, and to identify additional, stroke-related risk factors...

..The aim of this study was to investigate the existence and content of delirium guidelines of the national psychiatric associations in Europe...

..The aim of this study is to assess the clinimetric properties of the Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HARS), the Beck anxiety inventory (BAI), and the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) in PD patients...

..Patients starting treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors should be screened for an increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias by investigating their potassium concentrations and running an ECG...

..Psychiatric wards in both general and academic hospitals are ideally suited to provide integrated care to patients with psychiatric and somatic comorbidity...

..The phenomenology of delirium in childhood is understudied...

..The aim of this study is to compare the level of mental health care use of PD patients with that of a matched control population, and to assess possible fluctuations in mental health care use in the years surrounding the diagnosis of PD...

..The influence of a guideline on clinical practice depends on the extent to which the recommendations in the guideline are acted upon (degree of adherence)...

..quot; Information on the validity of apathy and anhedonia scales is limited because of the lack of consensus on diagnostic criteria for these conditions...

..If these studies show that the clinimetric properties of existing scales are inadequate, development of a new scale to assess anxiety in PD should be considered...

..Early detection of complex patients can further improve the effectiveness of psychiatric consultation. Follow-up contacts and investing in liaison contacts improve adherence to the advice provided...

..Mood and motivational symptoms have been reported in up to 35% and 51%, respectively, of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Preliminary evidence indicates that pramipexole may have a positive effect on these symptoms...

..In 2008, the Netherlands Psychiatric Association authorized a guideline "consultation psychiatry."..

..Adherence to advice given by the consultation-liaison (CL) psychiatrist is a prerequisite for the effectiveness and success of psychiatric consultation. It is unknown which factors are associated with better adherence to advice...

..A first focus for research should therefore be the identification of clinically useful anxiety presentations and their validation in PD...

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..The current ethical views on mental competence do not consider the potential influence of modern methods of treatment such as STN-DBS on this capacity...

..4 (95% CI: 2.1-2.7). We concluded that the higher incidence of depression in patients who were later diagnosed with PD supports the hypothesis of there being a biological risk factor for depression in these patients...

..To assess whether general risk factors for depression are also markers of depression in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and to identify additional disease-specific markers...

..Moreover, the partially shared pathophysiology may make it difficult to treat depressive symptoms without influencing motor or cognitive function...

..We could find no evidence of a specific serotonergic vulnerability of PD patients for depression. Therefore, our results do not support the serotonergic hypothesis for depression in PD...

..Bupropion is useful as an antidepressant in specific patient groups, notably patients with Parkinson's disease...

..It is hypothesized that some of the non-motor symptoms are related to the serotonergic deficiency that is present in PD...

..Taken together, since serotonergic ligands have the same effect as dopaminergic ligands on reaction time responding indicated that 5-HT and DA release are agonistically linked in control and 6-OHDA lesioned rats...

..Multiple neurotransmitter systems, including the serotonergic system, are involved in the pathophysiology of this disease. The exact role of the serotonergic system in PD is still unclear...

..To assess the influence of somatic symptoms of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) on the clinimetric performance of these scales in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD)...

..Delirium in children is a serious but understudied neuropsychiatric disorder. So there is little to guide the clinician in terms of identifying those at risk...

..This systematic review suggests that the average prevalence of major depressive disorder in PD is substantial, but lower than generally assumed...

..To evaluate the efficacy of pharmacological treatment of apathy in patients with neurodegenerative diseases...

..To study the phenomenology, clinical correlates, and response to treatment of delirium in critically ill children in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU)...

..The smallest real difference was 3.3 for the total BDI. The BDI is a valid, reliable, and potential responsive instrument to assess the severity of depression in PD. However, an adjusted cutoff is recommended...

..Some somatic symptoms are highly sensitive for depression and should not be neglected by following an 'exclusive' or 'attributional' approach to the diagnosis of PSD...

..5 and 16.9. The psychometric performance of the HADS in patients with PD is satisfactory. In addition, almost 50% of the patients displayed symptoms of anxiety, whereas nearly 40% showed signs of depression...

..CONCLUSION: The profile of depressive symptoms in PD differs from that in depressed subjects without PD. This finding is important for the conceptualisation and clinical diagnosis of depression in PD...

..The complex and time-consuming task of developing a new scale to measure depression specifically for patients with PD is currently not warranted...