Harm Kuipers

..Menstrual disturbances and premature osteoporosis may occur in women as a consequence of intensive physical training. However, the risk for these adverse consequences of long-term physical training is small...

..With blood testing in sport these results have to be taken into consideration...

..Education and quality control for sport professionals, including sports physicians, may help to control the doping problem...

..To test the hypotheses that the hemoglobin (Hb) distribution curve in elite male and female long track speed skaters is not normally distributed and that there is a positive relationship between competitive success and Hb concentration...

..To assess possible ergogenic properties of corticosteroid administration...

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..Nine endurance-trained men ingested 60 g/d of bovine colostrum for 4 wk...

..4% the pattern required additional testing. In conclusion, percent reticulocytes are a robust hematological parameter, including acute exercise...

..There was no difference in mean Hb levels between top ranked and lower ranked skaters, and no meaningful relationship between Hb concentration and ranking could be found...

..Protein coingestion does not further increase muscle protein synthesis rates during continuous endurance type exercise...

..012 and 0.060 +/- 0.004%/h in CHO + PRO vs. CHO treatment, respectively; P < 0.05). We conclude that, even in a fed state, protein coingestion stimulates whole body and muscle protein synthesis rates during resistance-type exercise...

..Co-ingestion of leucine with carbohydrate and protein following physical activity does not further elevate muscle protein fractional synthetic rate in elderly men when ample protein is ingested...

..Ingestion of protein with carbohydrate during and immediately after exercise improves whole-body protein synthesis but does not further augment muscle protein synthesis rates during 9 h of subsequent overnight recovery...

..Both protein and caffeine coingestion with CHO have been suggested to represent effective dietary strategies to further accelerate postexercise muscle glycogen synthesis in athletes...

..We conclude that carbohydrate supplementation during prolonged cycling exercise does not modulate IMTG use but spares muscle glycogen use during the initial stages of exercise in endurance-trained men...

..The impact of exercise on blood glucose homeostasis has not been assessed in long-standing type 2 diabetes patients receiving exogenous insulin treatment...

..8 g.kg.h) substantially augments insulin secretion, but does not affect plasma glucose disposal during the first 3.5 h of postexercise recovery in trained athletes...

..We conclude that intramyocellular lipid and glycogen stores are readily used during resistance exercise and this is likely associated with the reported increase in whole-body insulin sensitivity following resistance exercise...

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..11 +/- 0.01%/h in the PRO, PRO + LCHO, and PRO + HCHO experiments, respectively. In conclusion, coingestion of carbohydrate during recovery does not further stimulate postexercise muscle protein synthesis when ample protein is ingested...

..Given the macro- and micro-vascular damage caused by postprandial hyperglycaemia, CGMS provides an excellent tool to evaluate alternative therapeutic strategies to reduce hyperglycaemic blood glucose excursions...

..The association of physical fitness with insulin resistance seems to be mediated by the sum of skin folds...

..The results supported this prediction, thereby extending the validity of pupil size as a measure of cognitive load to the domain of response preparation...

..Results support the hypothesis that the brain represents spatial information in multiple frames of reference, with the dominant frame of reference being dependent on the task demands...

..Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ND on body composition in male bodybuilders, with special reference to muscle mass alterations...

..Here we present such a validation study for the determination of body fat and fat-free mass changes in bodybuilders, who used exercise and androgenic-anabolic steroids...

..This phenomenon is interpreted in terms of a left hemisphere superiority in online feedback-processing during goal-directed movements in right-handers...

..The results demonstrated that target-distracter separation is an important determinant of the locus of distracter interference...

..To investigate the relationship between skeletal muscle fiber type-specific characteristics, circulating hormone concentrations, and skeletal muscle mass and strength in older men...

..05). This study shows that even a single session of resistance exercise improves whole-body insulin sensitivity for up to 24 h in healthy men, which is consistent with earlier observations following endurance exercise tasks...

..Those findings support the distance account of distractor interference and refute the grouping account...

..AAS-induced increment of muscle tissue can be attributed to hypertrophy and the formation of new muscle fibres, in which key roles are played by satellite cell number and ultrastructure, androgen receptors and myonuclei...

..With the hands overlapped, alternate cues (now associated with two fingers on the same hand) produced the shortest RTs. These findings demonstrate the importance of motoric factors in response preparation...

..Therefore the use of diabetes-specific formulas with a low GI should be the preferred option for the nutritional management of diabetic patients in need of nutritional support...

..The purpose of this study was to investigate whether autologous blood enhanced performance on a bicycle ergometer in patients after total hip arthroplasty...

..CONCLUSIONS: Programs to improve postural alignment, flexibility, and strength, especially during the asynchronous period of bone and soft tissue development, should be instituted to prevent and reduce overuse syndromes...

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